Burdock Root & Leaf Herbal Tincture by Fushi Wellbeing Ltd.

INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE

• Acne. Although there is interest in using topical burdock for acne, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of burdock for this purpose.
• Aging skin. It is unclear if topical burdock is beneficial for reducing wrinkles. Details: A very small study in females aged 39-65 years shows that applying an emulsion containing burdock fruit extract 1.2% to the face twice daily for 4 weeks slightly reduces skin wrinkles around the eyes when compared with placebo (37420).
• Atopic dermatitis (eczema). Although there is interest in using topical burdock for eczema, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of burdock for this condition.
• Breast cancer. Oral burdock root has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear. Details: Population research in breast cancer patients has found that using a specific product containing burdock root, sheep sorrel, slippery elm bark, and Indian rhubarb (Essiac, Resperin Canada Limited) is not associated with improved quality of life when compared with no intervention (37419).
• Common cold. Although there is interest in using oral burdock for symptoms of the common cold, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of burdock for this condition.
• Diabetes. Although there is interest in using oral burdock for diabetes, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of burdock for this condition.
• Diverticulitis. It is unclear if oral burdock is beneficial in patients with diverticulitis. Details: A small open-label clinical study in patients with colonic diverticulitis shows that taking burdock tea (Ajikan, Co., Ltd.) providing 1.5 grams three times daily for a median of 26 months is associated with an acute diverticulitis recurrence rate of 11%, compared with 32% of those not taking burdock tea. Furthermore, the recurrence-free duration was increased by about 14 months. However, taking burdock tea for a median of 16 months does not prevent colonic diverticular bleeding recurrence (102696).
• Dry skin. Although there is interest in using topical burdock for dry skin, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of burdock for this purpose.
• Gout. Although there is interest in using oral burdock for gout, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of burdock for this condition.
• Hepatitis. Although there is interest in using oral burdock for hepatitis, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of burdock for this condition.
• Metabolic syndrome. It is unclear if oral burdock is beneficial in patients with metabolic syndrome. Details: A very small clinical study in patients with metabolic syndrome shows that drinking burdock extract 100 mL three times daily after meals for 16 weeks does not reduce body weight, abdominal fat, blood pressure, lipid levels, or glucose when compared with baseline or control (105667).
• Obesity. Although there is interest in using oral burdock for obesity, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of burdock for this condition.
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs). Although there is interest in using oral burdock for UTI, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of burdock for this condition.
• Vaginitis. Topical burdock has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear. Details: Observational research in adults and children with vaginitis has found that applying a specific solution containing burdock, chamomile, and aloe (Zelesse, ITF Research Pharma S.L.U., Alcobendas) to the vaginal area once or twice daily for 5-20 days is associated with moderate improvements in symptoms such as pruritus, erythema, and discharge when compared with baseline (102695,102697). The validity of this finding is limited by its observational nature and the lack of a control group. More evidence is needed to rate burdock for these uses.

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LIKELY SAFE ...when used in amounts commonly found in foods (12659,12660). Burdock root is commonly eaten as a vegetable (37422,92153,92154)

POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used topically, short-term. An emulsion containing burdock fruit extract 1.2% has been safely applied to the face twice daily for 4 weeks (37420). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of burdock when used orally in supplemental doses.

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.

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ANTICOAGULANT/ANTIPLATELET DRUGS Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination. Severity = High •  Occurrence = Possible •  Level of Evidence = D Theoretically, taking burdock with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.  Details In vitro research shows that lignans from burdock reduce rabbit platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet activating factor (12619). This interaction has not been reported in humans.

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General ...Orally, burdock is well tolerated when consumed as a food. Although a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes is lacking, there has been long-standing historical use of burdock with few noted adverse effects.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
All ROAs: Allergic reactions, including contact dermatitis and anaphylaxis.

Dermatologic ...Contact dermatitis has been reported secondary to burdock, especially after prolonged use of the root oil (37422). There are cases of allergic dermatitis secondary to using burdock plasters. Two males and a 14 year-old female developed erythematous and vesicular, pruritic, and exudative reactions in areas corresponding to the application of burdock root plasters (12667). Reactions occurred up to 7 days after initial use. Patch testing was positive for burdock sensitivity in all three patients and was nonreactive in matched controls.

Hematologic ...In one case report, a 38-year-old female developed immune-mediated thrombocytopenia after consuming a "cleansing" tea containing unknown amounts of burdock and yellow dock. The patient presented with bruising, mild weakness, and fatigue, which started 2-3 days after consuming the tea, and was found to have a platelet count of 5,000 per mcL. Symptoms resolved after platelet transfusion and treatment with oral dexamethasone (108971). It is unclear if these effects were caused by burdock, yellow dock, the combination, or other contributing factors.

Hepatic ...A case of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver disease (DILI) is reported in a 36-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain after 1 month of taking an herbal liver detox tea containing burdock and other ingredients. Remarkable laboratory values included elevated liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin. The patient received a loading dose of N-acetylcysteine and was hospitalized for 12 days (112178). However, it is unclear if the adverse effect was due to burdock, other ingredients, or the combination.

Immunologic ...There is one case of anaphylactic shock secondary to eating boiled burdock. One hour after eating boiled burdock the patient presented with redness over the entire body and dyspnea. He was found to have low blood pressure and was treated with subcutaneous epinephrine 1 mg and intravenous lactated ringer's solution containing hydrocortisone 100 mg and dexamethasone 8 mg. The cause of anaphylactic shock was attributed to allergenicity to burdock based on positive skin prick test results. Previously, the patient had experienced urticaria after eating boiled burdock (12660).

Neurologic/CNS ...Anticholinergic reactions including dry mouth, dizziness, blurred vision, weakness, dilated pupils, inability to urinate, and bradycardia have been reported following the consumption of burdock products (12662,37421,37431,37434,37435). However, these anticholinergic reactions are believed result from contamination of burdock with belladonna alkaloids. Burdock itself does not contain atropine or other constituents that would be responsible for these reactions.

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