Dulse Seaweed Strawberry Flavor by TerraVita

INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE

• Hypercholesterolemia. It is unclear if oral dulse is beneficial in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Details: A moderate sized clinical study in patients with hypercholesterolemia shows that taking dulse powder 2 grams daily for 8 weeks does not improve low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels or glycemic control when compared with placebo. However, there was a small beneficial effect on triglyceride levels in females (103323).
• Iodine deficiency. Although there has been interest in using oral dulse for the prevention of iodine deficiency, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of dulse for this purpose. More evidence is needed to rate dulse for these uses.

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LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in food amounts. Dulse has a long history of use as a food ingredient in various parts of the world (103315,103317,103321).

POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used topically and appropriately (103322). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of dulse when used in amounts greater than those found in foods.

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of dulse when used in medicinal amounts during pregnancy or lactation; avoid amounts greater than those found in foods.

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ACE INHIBITORS (ACEIs) Interaction Rating = Minor Be watchful with this combination. Severity = Mild •  Occurrence = Possible •  Level of Evidence = D Theoretically, dulse might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with ACEIs.  Details Dulse is rich in potassium (103317). ACEIs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion (95628). Concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels (95628). However, using these drugs while consuming dulse in quantities that provide larger amounts of potassium daily might increase the risk of hyperkalemia. Additionally, in vitro research suggests that dulse protein hydrolysates inhibit the activity of ACE (103319). However, these effects have not been demonstrated in humans.

AMIODARINE (Cordarone) Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination. Severity = Moderate •  Occurrence = Possible •  Level of Evidence = D Theoretically, combining dulse with amiodarone might cause excessively high iodine levels.  Details Dulse is rich in iodine (103315,103323), and amiodarone contains 37.3% iodine and can increase iodine levels.

ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs) Interaction Rating = Minor Be watchful with this combination. Severity = Mild •  Occurrence = Possible •  Level of Evidence = D Theoretically, dulse might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with ARBs.  Details Dulse is rich in potassium (103317). ARBs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion (95628). Concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels (95628). However, using these drugs while consuming dulse in quantities that provide higher amounts of potassium daily might increase the risk of hyperkalemia. Additionally, in vitro research suggests that dulse protein hydrolysates inhibit the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) (103319). However, these effects have not been demonstrated in humans.

ANTITHYROID DRUGS Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination. Severity = Moderate •  Occurrence = Possible •  Level of Evidence = D Theoretically, due to its iodine content, dulse might alter the effects of antithyroid drugs.  Details Dulse is rich in iodine (103315,103323). Iodine in high doses has been reported to cause both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on the individual's past medical history.

DIGOXIN (Lanoxin) Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination. Severity = High •  Occurrence = Possible •  Level of Evidence = D Theoretically, dulse might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with digoxin.  Details Dulse is rich in potassium, and digoxin can increase potassium levels in the blood (103317). This interaction has not been demonstrated in humans.

POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS Interaction Rating = Minor Be watchful with this combination. Severity = Mild •  Occurrence = Possible •  Level of Evidence = D Theoretically, dulse might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with potassium-sparing diuretics.  Details Dulse is rich in potassium, and potassium-sparing diuretics can increase potassium levels in the blood (103317). This interaction has not been shown in humans.

THYROID HORMONE Interaction Rating = Moderate Be cautious with this combination. Severity = Moderate •  Occurrence = Possible •  Level of Evidence = D Theoretically, due to its iodine content, dulse might alter the effects of thyroid hormone.  Details Dulse is rich in iodine (103315,103323). Iodine in high doses has been reported to cause both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on the individual's past medical history. Although dulse has been associated with a statistically significant increase in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in clinical research, clinically significant increases have not been documented (103315,103323).

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General ...Orally, dulse is generally well tolerated. No adverse effects have been reported. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.

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