References
Chelation Therapy Products
15
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Hardman JG, Limbird LL, Molinoff PB, eds. Goodman and Gillman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996.
4611
Grebe HB, Gregory PJ. Inhibition of warfarin anticoagulation associated with chelation therapy. Pharmacotherapy 2002;22:1067-9.. View abstract.
4621
Sen BH, Akdeniz BG, Denizci AA. The effect of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid on Candida albicans. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;90:651-5.. View abstract.
5728
Heimbach J, Rieth S, Mohamedshah F, et al. Safety assessment of iron EDTA [sodium iron (Fe(3+) ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid]: summary of toxological fortification and exposure data. Food Chem Toxicol 2000;38:99-111. View abstract.
5729
Schubert J. Chelation in medicine. Sci Am 1966;214:40-50.
5730
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5731
Chisolm JJ Jr. BAL, EDTA, DMSA and DMPS in the treatment of lead poisoning in children. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1992;30:493-504.
5732
Lin JL, Ho HH, Yu CC. Chelation therapy for patients with elevated body lead burden and progressive renal insufficiency. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:7-13. View abstract.
5733
Mortensen ME, Walson PD. Chelation therapy for childhood lead poisoning. The changing scene in the 1990s. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1993;32:284-91.
5734
Mehbod H. Treatment of lead intoxication. Combined use of peritoneal dialysis and edetate calcium disodium. JAMA 1967;201:972-4.
5735
Shrand H. Treatment of lead poisoning with intramuscular edathamil calcium-disodium. Lancet 1961;1:310-2.
5736
Gordon RA, Roberts G, Amin Z, et al. Aggressive approach in the treatment of acute lead encephalopathy with an extraordinarily high concentration of lead. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1998;152:1100-4. View abstract.
5737
Grier MT, Meyers DG. So much writing, so little science: a review of 37 years literature on edetate sodium chelation therapy. Ann Pharmacother 1993;27:1504-9. View abstract.
5738
Chappell LT, Janson M. EDTA chelation therapy in the treatment of vascular disease. J Cardiovasc Nurs 1996;10:78-86. View abstract.
5739
Kidd PM. Integrative cardiac revitalization: bypass surgery, angioplasty, and chelation. Benefits, risks, and limitations. Altern Med Rev 1998;3:4-17. View abstract.
5740
Ernst E. Chelation therapy for coronary heart disease: An overview of all clinical investigations. Am Heart J 2000;140:139-41. View abstract.
5741
Elihu N, Anandasbapathy S, Frishman WH. Chealtion therapy in cardiovascular disease: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, deferoxamine, and dexrazoxane. J Clin Pharmacol 1998;38:101-5. View abstract.
5742
Ernst E. Chelation therapy for peripheral arterial occlusive disease: a systematic review. Circulation 1997;96:1031-3. View abstract.
5743
Chappell LT. EDTA chelation therapy should be more commonly used in the treatment of vascular disease. Altern Ther Health Med 1995;1:53-7. View abstract.
5744
Christensen K, Theilade D. Edta chelation therapy: an ethical problem. Med Hypotheses 1999;53:69-70. View abstract.
5746
Gundling K, Ernst E. Complementary and alternative medicine in cardiovascular disease: what is the evidence it works? WJM 1999;171:191-4.
5747
Soffer A. Chelation therapy for arteriosclerosis. JAMA 1975;233:1206-7. View abstract.
5749
Green S. Chelation therapy: unproven claims and unsound theories. Quackwatch 2000. Available at: http://www.quackwatch.org (Accessed 17 November 2000).
5750
Kitchell JR, Palmon F, Aytan N, Meltzer LE. The treatment of coronary artery disease with disodium EDTA. A reappraisal. Am J Cardiology 1963;11:501-6.
5751
Olszewer E, Carter JP. EDTA chelation therapy in chronic degenerative disease. Med Hypotheses 1998;27:41-9. View abstract.
5752
Sloth-Nielsen J, Guldager B, Mouritzen C, et al. Arteriographic findings in EDTA chelation therapy on peripheral arteriosclerosis. Am J Surg 1991;162:122-5. View abstract.
5753
Guldager B, Jelnes R, Jorgensen SJ, et al. EDTA treatment of intermittent claudication--a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Intern Med 1992;231:261-7. View abstract.
5754
van Rij AM, Solomon C, Packer SG, Hopkins WG. Chelation therapy for intermittent claudication. A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Circulation 1994;90:1194-9. View abstract.
5756
Anon. Questions and Answers about chelation therapy. American Heart Association 2000. Available at: www.americanheart.org. (Accessed 17 November 2000).
5761
Lyon AF, DeGraff AC. Reappraisal of digitalis. X. Treatment of digitalis toxicity. Am Heart J 1967;73:835-7.
5762
Surawica B. Use of the chelating agent, EDTA, in digitalis intoxication and cardiac arrhthymias. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1960;2:432-43.
5763
Popovici A, Geschickter CF, Reinovsky A, Rubin M. Experimental control of serum calcium levels in vivo. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1950;74:415-7.
5764
Taweechaisupapong S, Doyle RJ. Sensitivity of bacterial coaggregation to chelating agents. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2000;28:343-6. View abstract.
5765
Beasley R, Fishwick D, Miles JF, Hendeles L. Preservatives in nebulizer solutions: risks without benefit. Pharmacotherapy 1998;18:130-9. View abstract.
5768
Lamas GA, Ackermann A. Clinical evaluation of chelation therapy: is there any wheat amidst the chaff? Am Heart J 2000;140:4-5.
5769
Chappell LT, Wilson J, Ernst E. Chelation therapy for vascular disease. Circulation 1999;99:164-5.
5771
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5772
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5773
Golan A, Savir H, Bar-Meir S, et al. Band keratopathy due to hyperparathyroidism. Ophthalmologica 1975;171:119-22. View abstract.
5774
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21057
Adams, J. B., Baral, M., Geis, E., Mitchell, J., Ingram, J., Hensley, A., Zappia, I., Newmark, S., Gehn, E., Rubin, R. A., Mitchell, K., Bradstreet, J., and El-Dahr, J. Safety and efficacy of oral DMSA therapy for children with autism spectrum disorders: Part A--medical results. BMC.Clin.Pharmacol. 2009;9:16. View abstract.
94982
Akbayram S, Dogan M, Akgun C, et al. EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia in a child. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2011;17:494-6. View abstract.
94983
Escolar E, Lamas GA, Mark DB, et al. The effect of an EDTA-based chelation regimen on patients with diabetes mellitus and prior myocardial infarction in the Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT). Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2014;7:15-24. View abstract.
94984
Fountain JS, Reith DM. Dangers of "EDTA". N Z Med J 2014;127:126-7. View abstract.
94985
Lamas GA, Goertz C, Boineau R, et al. Effect of disodium EDTA chelation regimen on cardiovascular events in patients with previous myocardial infarction: the TACT randomized trial. JAMA 2013;309:1241-50. View abstract.
94986
Lamas GA, Boineau R, Goertz C, et a. EDTA chelation therapy alone and in combination with oral high-dose multivitamins and minerals for coronary disease: The factorial group results of the Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy. Am Heart J 2014;168:37-44.e5. View abstract.
94989
Ohashi N, Nakamura K, Inokuchi R, et al. EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia complicated by eosinophilic pneumonia. Am J Emerg Med 2013;31:1157.e5-7. View abstract.
94990
Ohno N, Kobayashi M, Hayakawa S, et al. Transient pseudothrombocytopenia in a neonate: transmission of a maternal EDTA-dependent anticoagulant. Platelets 2012;23:399-400. View abstract.
94992
Russo PA, Banovic T, Wiese MD, et al. Systemic allergy to EDTA in local anesthetic and radiocontrast media. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2014;2:225-9. View abstract.
94993
Sahin C, Kirli I, Sozen H, Canbek TD. EDTA-induced pseudothrombocytopenia in association with bladder cancer. BMJ Case Rep 2014;2014. pii: bcr2014205130. View abstract.
94994
Shi X, Lin Z, He L, et al. Transient appearance of EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia in a postoperative patient with sepsis: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017;96:e6330 View abstract.
94995
Wenzel F, Lasshofer R, Rox J, et al. Transient appearance of postoperative EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia in a patient after gastrectomy. Platelets 2011;22:74-6. View abstract.
95697
Nissen SE. Concerns about reliability in the Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT). JAMA. 2013 Mar 27;309(12):1293-4. View abstract.
107700
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Deaths associated with hypocalcemia from chelation therapy--Texas, Pennsylvania, and Oregon, 2003-2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2006;55(8):204-7. View abstract.
108095
Brown MJ, Willis T, Omalu B, Leiker R. Deaths resulting from hypocalcemia after administration of edetate disodium: 2003-2005. Pediatrics 2006;118(2):e534-6. View abstract.
108096
Baxter AJ, Krenzelok EP. Pediatric fatality secondary to EDTA chelation. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2008;46(10):1083-4. View abstract.
108097
Atwood KC, Woeckner E. In pediatric fatality, edetate disodium was no accident. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2009;47(3):256. View abstract.
108098
Cohen JP, Ruha AM, Curry SC, et al. Plasma and urine dimercaptopropanesulfonate concentrations after dermal application of transdermal DMPS (TD-DMPS). J Med Toxicol 2013;9(1):9-15. View abstract.
108099
James S, Stevenson SW, Silove N, Williams K. Chelation for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;5(5):CD010766. View abstract.
108100
Lee CE. Federal regulation of unapproved chelation products. J Med Toxicol 2013;9(4):313-7. View abstract.
108101
Stangle DE, Smith DR, Beaudin SA, Strawderman MS, Levitsky DA, Strupp BJ. Succimer chelation improves learning, attention, and arousal regulation in lead-exposed rats but produces lasting cognitive impairment in the absence of lead exposure. Environ Health Perspect 2007;115(2):201-9. View abstract.
108102
Lamas GA, Hussein SJ. EDTA chelation therapy meets evidence-based medicine. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2006;12(3):213-5. View abstract.
108103
Villarruz MV, Dans A, Tan F. Chelation therapy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;(4):CD002785. View abstract.
108104
Knudtson ML, Wyse DG, Galbraith PD, et al. Chelation therapy for ischemic heart disease: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;287(4):481-6. View abstract.
108105
Wax PM. Current use of chelation in American health care. J Med Toxicol 2013;9(4):303-7. View abstract.
108106
American College of Medical Toxicology and The American Academy of Clinical Toxicology. https://www.choosingwisely.org/clinician-lists/american-college-academy-medical-toxicology-chelation/. Accessed May 18, 2022.
108107
Food and Drug Administration. Questions and answers on unapproved chelation products. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/medication-health-fraud/questions-and-answers-unapproved-chelation-products. Accessed May 18, 2022.
108109
Adams JB, Baral M, Geis E,. Safety and efficacy of oral DMSA therapy for children with autism spectrum disorders: part B - behavioral results. BMC Clin Pharmacol. 2009;9:17. View abstract.
108110
Blaucok-Busch E, Amin OR, Dessoki HH, Rabah T. Efficacy of DMSA therapy in a sample of Arab children with autistic spectrum disorder. Maedica (Bucur). 2012;7(3):214-21. View abstract.
108111
Lonsdale D, Shamberger RJ, Audhya T. Treatment of autism spectrum children with thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide: a pilot study. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2002;23(4):303-8. View abstract.
108112
Van der Linde AAA, Pillen S, Gerrits GPJM, Bouwes Bavinck JN. Stevens-Johnson syndrome in a child with chronic mercury exposure and 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate (DMPS) therapy. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2008;46(5):479-81. View abstract.