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Langmead, L., Chitnis, M., and Rampton, D. S. Use of complementary therapies by patients with IBD may indicate psychosocial distress. Inflamm.Bowel.Dis 2002;8(3):174-179. View abstract.

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Pellegrina, C. D., Padovani, G., Mainente, F., Zoccatelli, G., Bissoli, G., Mosconi, S., Veneri, G., Peruffo, A., Andrighetto, G., Rizzi, C., and Chignola, R. Anti-tumour potential of a gallic acid-containing phenolic fraction from Oenothera biennis. Cancer Lett. 8-8-2005;226(1):17-25. View abstract.

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Namaka, M., Crook, A., Doupe, A., Kler, K., Vasconcelos, M., Klowak, M., Gong, Y., Wojewnik-Smith, A., and Melanson, M. Examining the evidence: complementary adjunctive therapies for multiple sclerosis. Neurol.Res 2008;30(7):710-719. View abstract.

Murray, T., Kelsberg, G., Safranek, S., and Crawford, P. Clinical inquiries. Do any folk remedies or herbals help induce labor? J Fam.Pract. 2008;57(8):542-544. View abstract.

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Cameron, M., Gagnier, J. J., Little, C. V., Parsons, T. J., Blumle, A., and Chrubasik, S. Evidence of effectiveness of herbal medicinal products in the treatment of arthritis. Part 2: Rheumatoid arthritis. Phytother.Res 2009;23(12):1647-1662. View abstract.

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Kiss, A. K., Filipek, A., Czerwinska, M., and Naruszewicz, M. Oenothera paradoxa defatted seeds extract and its bioactive component penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose decreased production of reactive oxygen species and inhibited release of leukotriene B4, interleukin-8, elastase, and myeloperoxidase in human neutrophils. J Agric.Food Chem 9-22-2010;58(18):9960-9966. View abstract.

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Sharif SN, Darsareh F. Impact of evening primrose oil consumption on psychological symptoms of postmenopausal women: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. Menopause. 2020;27(2):194-198. View abstract.

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No author. Expression of concern: The effects of vitamin D and evening primrose oil co-supplementation on lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in vitamin D-deficient women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Endocr Res. 2021;46(1):44. View abstract.

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Hemmatzadeh S, Mohammad Alizadeh Charandabi S, Veisy A, Mirghafourvand M. Evening primrose oil for cervical ripening in term pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Complement Integr Med 2021. View abstract.

Moradi M, Niazi A, Heydarian Miri H, Lopez V. The effect of evening primrose oil on labor induction and cervical ripening: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2021;35(10):5374-5383. View abstract.

Ahmad Adni LL, Norhayati MN, Mohd Rosli RR, Muhammad J. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Evening Primrose Oil for Mastalgia Treatment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18(12):6295. View abstract.

Safdari F, Motaghi Dastenaei B, Kheiri S, Karimiankakolaki Z. Effect of Evening Primrose Oil on Postmenopausal Psychological Symptoms: A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. J Menopausal Med 2021;27(2):58-65. View abstract.

Kazemi F, Masoumi SZ, Shayan A, Oshvandi K. The Effect of Evening Primrose Oil Capsule on Hot Flashes and Night Sweats in Postmenopausal Women: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. J Menopausal Med 2021;27(1):8-14. View abstract.

Moghadam MY, Nemat-Shahi M, Soroosh D, Nemat-Shahi M, Asadi A. Effect of evening primrose oil on postoperative pain after appendectomy: A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2020;10(1):28-32. View abstract.

Kazmierska A, Boleslawska I, Polanska A, et al. Effect of Evening Primrose Oil Supplementation on Selected Parameters of Skin Condition in a Group of Patients Treated with Isotretinoin-A Randomized Double-Blind Trial. Nutrients 2022;14(14):2980. View abstract.

Mansour Ghanaei M, Asgharnia M, Farokhfar M, Mohammad Asgari Ghalebin S, Rafiei E, Haryalchi K. The effect of consuming evening primrose oil on cervical preparation before hysteroscopy: An RCT. Int J Reprod Biomed 2022;20(7):591-600. View abstract.

Rahbar N, Sharafshahi F, Ghods S, Ghorbani R. Comparison of Misoprostol and Evening Primrose Oil on Cervical Preparation Before Gynecological Surgery. J Clin Pharmacol 2023. View abstract.

Shahraki AD, Mirhoseini S, Movahedi M, Hajihashemy M, Haghollahi F. Comparative Study of the Effect of Vaginal use of Primrose Oil with Misoprostol on Cervical Preparation of Prim Gravid Women: A Double-blind Clinical Trial. Adv Biomed Res 2023;12:78. View abstract.

Shahinfar S, Abedi P, Jahanfar S, Khajehpoor M, Chashmyazdan M. The effect of evening primrose oil on cervical ripening and birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023;9(2):e13414. View abstract.

Ghavi F, Shakeri F, Farahnaz H, Abdolahian S. Comparison of the Effect of Fennel and Evening Primrose Oil on Menopausal Problems and Hormonal Levels: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2023;28(4):430-435. View abstract.

Hashemi H, Hasanpoor-Azghady SB, Farahani M, Amiri-Farahani L. Comparison of the effect of vaginal misoprostol and evening primrose oil capsule with misoprostol alone on the consequences of abortion in women with intrauterine fetal death: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023;23(1):248. View abstract.

Kumari J, Amrita, Sinha A, Kumari S, Biswas P, Poonam. Effectiveness of Evening Primrose and Vitamin E for Cyclical Mastalgia: A Prospective Study. Cureus 2024;16(4):e58055. View abstract.

Ariana S, Amjadi N, Kazemi SN, Ahmadli Z. The Use of Evening Primrose Oil for Cervical Ripening in Low-Risk Women with Term Pregnancy: A Randomized Double-Blinded Controlled Trial. Complement Med Res 2024;31(3):215-221. View abstract.