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Coulman KD, Liu Z, Michaelides J, et al. Fatty acids and lignans in unground whole flaxseed and sesame seed are bioavailable but have minimal antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects in postmenopausal women. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009;53:1366-75. View abstract.

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Hashempur MH, Homayouni K, Ashraf A, Salehi A, Taghizadeh M, Heydari M. Effect of Linum usitatissimum L. (linseed) oil on mild and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Daru. 2014;22:43. View abstract.

Alvarez-Perea A, Alzate -Pérez D, Doleo Maldonado A, Baeza ML. Anaphylaxis caused by flaxseed. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2013;23(6):446-7. View abstract.

Azrad M, Vollmer RT, Madden J, Dewhirst M, Polascik TJ, Snyder DC, Ruffin MT, Moul JW, Brenner DE, Demark-Wahnefried W. Flaxseed-derived enterolactone is inversely associated with tumor cell proliferation in men with localized prostate cancer. J Med Food. 2013 Apr;16(4):357-60. View abstract.

Caligiuri SP, Aukema HM, Ravandi A, Guzman R, Dibrov E, Pierce GN. Flaxseed consumption reduces blood pressure in patients with hypertension by altering circulating oxylipins via an a-linolenic acid-induced inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. Hypertension. 2014 Jul;64(1):53-9. View abstract.

Edel AL, Rodriguez-Leyva D, Maddaford TG, Caligiuri SP, Austria JA, Weighell W, Guzman R, Aliani M, Pierce GN. Dietary flaxseed independently lowers circulating cholesterol and lowers it beyond the effects of cholesterol-lowering medications alone in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Nutr. 2015 Apr;145(4):749-57. View abstract.

Hutchins AM, Brown BD, Cunnane SC, Domitrovich SG, Adams ER, Bobowiec CE. Daily flaxseed consumption improves glycemic control in obese men and women with pre-diabetes: a randomized study. Nutr Res. 2013 May;33(5):367-75. View abstract.

Khalatbari Soltani S, Jamaluddin R, Tabibi H, Mohd Yusof BN, Atabak S, Loh SP, Rahmani L. Effects of flaxseed consumption on systemic inflammation and serum lipid profile in hemodialysis patients with lipid abnormalities. Hemodial Int. 2013 Apr;17(2):275-81. View abstract.

Khalesi S, Irwin C, Schubert M. Flaxseed consumption may reduce blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. J Nutr. 2015 Apr;145(4):758-65. View abstract.

Koizumi Y, Arai H, Nagase H, Kano S, Tachizawa N, Sagawa T, Yamaguchi M, Ohta K. [Case report: anaphylaxis caused by linseed included in baked bread]. Arerugi. 2014 Jul;63(7):945-50. View abstract.

Rodriguez-Leyva D, Weighell W, Edel AL, LaVallee R, Dibrov E, Pinneker R, Maddaford TG, Ramjiawan B, Aliani M, Guzman R, Pierce GN. Potent antihypertensive action of dietary flaxseed in hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 2013 Dec;62(6):1081-9. View abstract.

Wong H, Chahal N, Manlhiot C, Niedra E, McCrindle BW. Flaxseed in pediatric hyperlipidemia: a placebo-controlled, blinded, randomized clinical trial of dietary flaxseed supplementation for children and adolescents with hypercholesterolemia. JAMA Pediatr. 2013 Aug 1;167(8):708-13. View abstract.

Bloedon LT, Balikai S, Chittams J, et al. Flaxseed and cardiovascular risk factors: results from a double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Am Coll Nutr 2008;27:65-74. View abstract.

Taylor, C. G., Noto, A. D., Stringer, D. M., Froese, S., and Malcolmson, L. Dietary milled flaxseed and flaxseed oil improve N-3 fatty acid status and do not affect glycemic control in individuals with well-controlled type 2 diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr 2010;29(1):72-80. View abstract.

Yari Z, Rahimlou M, Eslamparast T, Ebrahimi-Daryani N, Poustchi H, Hekmatdoost A. Flaxseed supplementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot randomized, open labeled, controlled study. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2016 Jun;67(4):461-9. View abstract.

Mirghafourvand M, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Ahmadpour P, Javadzadeh Y. Effects of Vitex agnus and flaxseed on cyclic mastalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2016 Feb;25:90-5. View abstract.

Ursoniu S, Sahebkar A, Andrica F, Serban C, Banach M; Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration Group. Effects of flaxseed supplements on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr. 2016 Jun;35(3):615-25. View abstract.

Mohammadi-Sartang M, Mazloom Z, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Barati-Bodaji R, Bellisimo N, Totosy de Zepetnek JO. The effect of flaxseed supplementation on body weight and ody composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 45 randomized placebo-controlled trials. Obes Rve. 2017 Sepl18(9):1096-1107. View abstract.

Mohammadi-Sartang M, Sohrabi Z, Barati-Bodaji R, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Mazloom Z. Flaxseed supplementation on glucose control and insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Nutr Rev. 2018 Feb 1;76(2):125-39. View abstract.

Javidi A, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Nadjarzadeh A, Dehghani A, Eftekhari MH. The effect of flaxseed powder on insulin resistance indices and blood pressure in prediabetic individuals: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Res Med Sci. 016 Sep 1;21:70. View abstract.

Morshedzadeh N, Shahrokh S, Aghdaei HA, et al. Effects of flaxseed and flaxseed oil supplement on serum levels of inflammatory markers, metabolic parameters and severity of disease in patients with ulcerative colitis. Complement Ther Med. 2019;46:36-43. View abstract.

Rodriguez-Leyva D, Rodriguez-Portelles A, Weighell W, Guzman R, Maddaford TG, Pierce GN. The effects of dietary flaxseed on cardiac arrhythmias and claudication in patients with peripheral arterial disease (1). Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2019;97(6):557-561. View abstract.

Haidari F, Banaei-Jahromi N, Zakerkish M, Ahmadi K. The effects of flaxseed supplementation on metabolic status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized open-labeled controlled clinical trial. Nutr J. 2020;19(1):8. View abstract.

Haghighatsiar N, Askari G, Saraf-Bank S, Feizi A, Keshmiri H. Effect of flaxseed powder on cardiovascular risk factor in dyslipidemic and hypertensive patients. Int J Prev Med. 2019;10:218. View abstract.

Khandouzi N, Zahedmehr A, Mohammadzadeh A, Sanati HR, Nasrollahzadeh J. Effect of flaxseed consumption on flow-mediated dilation and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2019;73(2):258-265. View abstract.

Savas BB, Alparslan GB, Korkmaz C. Effect of flaxseed poultice compress application on pain and hand functions of patients with hand osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2019;38(7):1961-1969. View abstract.

Hadi A, Askarpour M, Salamat S, Ghaedi E, Symonds ME, Miraghajani M. Effect of flaxseed supplementation on lipid profile: An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of sixty-two randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res. 2020;152:104622. View abstract.

Yari Z, Rahimlou M, Poustchi H, Hekmatdoost A. Flaxseed supplementation improves anthropometric measurements, metabolic, and inflammatory biomarkers in overweight and obese adults. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2019:1-8. View abstract.

Soltanian N, Janghorbani M. Effect of flaxseed or psyllium vs. placebo on management of constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in constipated patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2019;29:41-48. View abstract.

Aitken-Saavedra J, Chaves Tarquinio SB, De Oliveira da Rosa WL, et al. Effect of a homemade salivary substitute prepared using chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) flower and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed to relieve primary burning mouth syndrome: a preliminary report. J Altern Complement Med 2020;26(9):799-806. View abstract.

Yari Z, Cheraghpour M, Alavian SM, Hedayati M, Eini-Zinab H, Hekmatdoost A. The efficacy of flaxseed and hesperidin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an open-labeled randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2021;75(1):99-111. View abstract.

Yari Z, Cheraghpour M, Hekmatdoost A. Flaxseed and/or hesperidin supplementation in metabolic syndrome: an open-labeled randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr. 2021;60(1):287-298. View abstract.

Gholami Z, Akhlaghi M. The effect of flaxseed on physical and mental fatigue in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2020:1-9. View abstract.

Sun J, Bai H, Ma J, et al. Effects of flaxseed supplementation on functional constipation and quality of life in a Chinese population: A randomized trial. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2020;29(1):61-67. View abstract.

Lim TL, Pietrofesa RA, Arguiri E, et al. Phase II Trial of Flaxseed to Prevent Acute Complications After Chemoradiation for Lung Cancer. J Altern Complement Med 2021;27(10):824-831. View abstract.

Toulabi T, Yarahmadi M, Goudarzi F, Ebrahimzadeh F, Momenizadeh A, Yarahmadi S. Effects of flaxseed on blood pressure, body mass index, and total cholesterol in hypertensive patients: A randomized clinical trial. Explore (NY) 2021. View abstract.

Sadat Masjedi M, Mohammadi Pour P, Shokoohinia Y, Asgary S. Effects of Flaxseed on Blood Lipids in Healthy and Dyslipidemic Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022;47(7):100931. View abstract.

Morshedzadeh N, Rahimlou M, Shahrokh S, Karimi S, Mirmiran P, Zali MR. The effects of flaxseed supplementation on metabolic syndrome parameters, insulin resistance and inflammation in ulcerative colitis patients: An open-labeled randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res 2021;35(7):3781-3791. View abstract.

Yang C, Xia H, Wan M, et al. Comparisons of the effects of different flaxseed products consumption on lipid profiles, inflammatory cytokines and anthropometric indices in patients with dyslipidemia related diseases: systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021;18(1):91. View abstract.

Bongartz U, Hochmann U, Grube B, et al. Flaxseed Mucilage (IQP-LU-104) Reduces Body Weight in Overweight and Moderately Obese Individuals in a 12-week, Three-arm, Double-blind, Randomized and Placebo-controlled Clinical Study. Obes Facts 2022. View abstract.

Ghaseminasab-Parizi M, Nazarinia MA, Akhlaghi M. The effect of flaxseed with or without anti-inflammatory diet in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2022;61(3):1377-1389. View abstract.

Villarreal-Renteria AI, Herrera-Echauri DD, Rodríguez-Rocha NP, et al. Effect of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) supplementation on glycemic control and insulin resistance in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2022;70:102852. View abstract.

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