References
Bismuth
25765
Whitehead, M. W., Phillips, R. H., Sieniawska, C. E., Delves, H. T., Seed, P. T., Thompson, R. P., and Powell, J. J. Double-blind comparison of absorbable colloidal bismuth subcitrate and nonabsorbable bismuth subnitrate in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and the relief of nonulcer dyspepsia. Helicobacter 2000;5(3):169-175. View abstract.
25766
Gionchetti, P., Rizzello, F., Venturi, A., Ferretti, M., Brignola, C., Peruzzo, S., Belloli, C., Poggioli, G., Miglioli, M., and Campieri, M. Long-term efficacy of bismuth carbomer enemas in patients with treatment-resistant chronic pouchitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997;11(4):673-678. View abstract.
25767
Carvalho, A. F., Fiorelli, L. A., Jorge, V. N., Da Silva, C. M., De Nucci, G., Ferraz, J. G., and Pedrazzoli, J. Addition of bismuth subnitrate to omeprazole plus amoxycillin improves eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998;12(6):557-561. View abstract.
25768
Sparberg, M. Correspondence: Bismuth subgallate as an effective means for the control of ileostomy odor: a double blind study. Gastroenterology 1974;66(3):476. View abstract.
25770
Cengiz, N., Uslu, Y., Gok, F., and Anarat, A. Acute renal failure after overdose of colloidal bismuth subcitrate. Pediatr Nephrol 2005;20(9):1355-1358. View abstract.
25774
Callanan, V., Curran, A. J., Smyth, D. A., and Gormley, P. K. The influence of bismuth subgallate and adrenaline paste upon operating time and operative blood loss in tonsillectomy. J Laryngol Otol 1995;109(3):206-208. View abstract.
25775
Mishkin, S. Intriguing gastrointestinal properties of bismuth: a folk remedy brought into the realm of clinical and investigative medicine. Can J Gastroenterol 1998;12(8):569-570. View abstract.
25777
Topfmeier, P., Eberhardt, R., Mateblowski, M., and Kuhn, D. Ulcer relapse rates following initial treatment with bismuth subnitrate as compared with cimetidine respectively. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1991;29(11):437-440. View abstract.
25779
Tremaine, W. J., Sandborn, W. J., Wolff, B. G., Carpenter, H. A., Zinsmeister, A. R., and Metzger, P. P. Bismuth carbomer foam enemas for active chronic pouchitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997;11(6):1041-1046. View abstract.
25781
Kim, S. H., Tramontina, V. A., Papalexiou, V., and Luczyszyn, S. M. Bismuth subgallate as a topical hemostatic agent at palatal donor sites. Quintessence Int 2010;41(8):645-649. View abstract.
25782
Sorensen, W. T., Henrichsen, J., and Bonding, P. Does bismuth subgallate have haemostatic effects in tonsillectomy? Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 1999;24(1):72-74. View abstract.
25783
Wormald, P. J. and Sellars, S. L. Bismuth subgallate: a safe means to a faster adenotonsillectomy. J Laryngol Otol 1994;108(9):761-762. View abstract.
25790
Wagstaff, A. J., Benfield, P., and Monk, J. P. Colloidal bismuth subcitrate. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and its therapeutic use in peptic ulcer disease. Drugs 1988;36(2):132-157. View abstract.
25791
Newton, D., Talbot, R. J., and Priest, N. D. Human biokinetics of injected bismuth-207. Hum Exp Toxicol 2001;20(12):601-609. View abstract.
25792
Slikkerveer, A., Noach, L. A., Tytgat, G. N., Van der Voet, G. B., and De Wolff, F. A. Comparison of enhanced elimination of bismuth in humans after treatment with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid and D,L-2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid. Analyst 1998;123(1):91-92. View abstract.
25793
Murin, M. B., Belyi, IuN, Barchukov, V. G., and Salenko, IuA. [The use of enterosorbents for preventing and stopping chronic toxic stress in submariners]. Voen Med Zh 2000;321(3):62-7, 96. View abstract.
25794
Slikkerveer, A. and de Wolff, F. A. Bismuth poisoning and chelation. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1993;31(2):365-366. View abstract.
25795
Slikkerveer, A., Jong, H. B., Helmich, R. B., and de Wolff, F. A. Development of a therapeutic procedure for bismuth intoxication with chelating agents. J Lab Clin Med 1992;119(5):529-537. View abstract.
25796
FILIPOVA, J. and SRBOVA, J. [Calcium-disodium salt of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTACAL Spofa) in the treatment of thallium and bismuth poisoning]. Prac Lek 1960;12:152-155. View abstract.
25797
GOELTNER, E. [Versenate treatment of alopecia following bismuth therapy]. Z Haut Geschlechtskr 1961;31:164-169. View abstract.
26313
Hoffman, J. S., Katz, L. M., and Cave, D. R. Efficacy of a 1-week regimen of ranitidine bismuth citrate in combination with metronidazole and clarithromycin for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13(4):503-506. View abstract.
26322
Scott, B. B. Bismuth-containing single-antibiotic 1-week triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998;12(3):277-279. View abstract.
26326
Sontag, S. J., O'Connell, S., Schnell, T., Chejfec, G., Seidel, J., and Sonnenberg, A. Reduced symptoms and need for antisecretory therapy in veterans 3 years after Helicobacter pylori eradication with ranitidine bismuth citrate/amoxicillin/clarithromycin. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96(5):1390-1395. View abstract.
26327
Chey, W. D., Fisher, L., Elta, G. H., Barnett, J. L., Nostrant, T., DelValle, J., Hasler, W. L., and Scheiman, J. M. Bismuth subsalicylate instead of metronidazole with lansoprazole and clarithromycin for Helicobacter pylori infection: a randomized trial. Am J Gastroenterol 1997;92(9):1483-1486. View abstract.
26328
Kaviani, M. J., Malekzadeh, R., Vahedi, H., Sotoudeh, M., Kamalian, N., Amini, M., and Massarrat, S. Various durations of a standard regimen (amoxycillin, metronidazole, colloidal bismuth sub-citrate for 2 weeks or with additional ranitidine for 1 or 2 weeks) on eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Iranian peptic ulcer patients. A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001;13(8):915-919. View abstract.
26329
Gisbert, J. P., Marcos, S., Gisbert, J. L., and Pajares, J. M. High efficacy of ranitidine bismuth citrate, amoxicillin, clarithromycin and metronidazole twice daily for only five days in Helicobacter pylori Eradication. Helicobacter 2001;6(2):157-162. View abstract.
26330
Nijevitch, A. A., Farztdinov, K. M., Sataev, V. U., Khasanov, R. Sh., Katayev, V. A., Khusnutdinov, S. M., Akhunov, E. D., and Kazykhanov, N. S. Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood: results of management with ranitidine bismuth citrate plus amoxicillin and tinidazole. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000;15(11):1243-1250. View abstract.
26331
Bujanda, L., Sanchez, A., Iriondo, C., Santos, A., Cosme, A., and Munoz, C. [Comparative study of the eradication of Helicobacter pylori: ranitidine bismuth citrate versus omeprazole plus two antibiotics for seven days]. An Med Interna 2001;18(7):361-363. View abstract.
26332
Wilhelmsen, I., Weberg, R., Berstad, K., Hausken, T., Hundal, O., and Berstad, A. Helicobacter pylori eradication with bismuth subnitrate, oxytetracycline and metronidazole in patients with peptic ulcer disease. Hepatogastroenterology 1994;41(1):43-47. View abstract.
26333
DuPont, H. L., Ericsson, C. D., Johnson, P. C., Bitsura, J. A., DuPont, M. W., and de la Cabada, F. J. Prevention of travelers' diarrhea by the tablet formulation of bismuth subsalicylate. JAMA 1987;257(10):1347-1350. View abstract.
26334
Pozzato, P., Zagari, M., Cardelli, A., Catalano, F. A., Giglio, A., Lami, F., Pilotto, A., Scarpulla, G., Spadaccini, A., Susi, D., Tosatto, R., Olivieri, A., Bazzoli, F., and Roda, E. Ranitidine bismuth citrate plus clarithromycin 7-day regimen is effective in eradicating Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998;12(5):447-451. View abstract.
26335
Araujo Castillo, R., Pinto Valdivia, J. L., Ramirez, D., Cok Garcia, J., and Bussalleu Rivera, A. [New ultrashort scheme for helicobacter pylori infection eradication using tetracyline, furazolidone and colloidal bismuth subcitrate in dyspeptic patients with or without peptic ulceration in the National Hospital Cayetano Heredia]. Rev Gastroenterol Peru 2005;25(1):23-41. View abstract.
26336
Bianchi Porro, G., Lazzaroni, M., and Cortvriendt, W. R. Maintenance therapy with colloidal bismuth subcitrate in duodenal ulcer disease. Digestion 1987;37 Suppl 2:47-52. View abstract.
26337
Johnson, P. C., Ericsson, C. D., DuPont, H. L., Morgan, D. R., Bitsura, J. A., and Wood, L. V. Comparison of loperamide with bismuth subsalicylate for the treatment of acute travelers' diarrhea. JAMA 1986;255(6):757-760. View abstract.
26338
Moeschlin, S. [Clinical-hematological demonstrations: aplastic anemia, acute leukemias, polyneuropathy in Waldenstrom's disease, acute porphyria]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1975;105(40):1289-1298. View abstract.
26343
Addrizzo-Harris, D. J., Churg, A., and Rom, W. N. Radio-opaque punctate opacities on the chest radiograph following intravenous injection of a bismuth compound. Thorax 1997;52(3):303-304. View abstract.
26344
Pugh, S. and Lewin, M. R. Mechanism of action of Roter (bismuth subnitrate) in patients with duodenal ulcer disease and healthy volunteers. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1990;5(4):382-386. View abstract.
26345
Lambert, J. R. and Midolo, P. The actions of bismuth in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997;11 Suppl 1:27-33. View abstract.
26346
Unge, P. and Ekstrom, P. Effects of Combination Therapy with Omeprazole and an Antibiotic on Helicobacter pylori and Duodenal Ulcer Disease. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1993;28(s196):17-18.
26347
Treiber, G., Walker, S., and Klotz, U. Omeprazole-induced increase in the absorption of bismuth from tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994;55(5):486-491. View abstract.
26348
Mach, T. [Morphology of the gastric mucosa in patients with duodenal ulcer treated with bismuth-containing drugs]. Folia Med Cracov 1995;36(1-4):53-75. View abstract.
26351
Phillips, R. H., Whitehead, M. W., Lacey, S., Champion, M., Thompson, R. P., and Powell, J. J. Solubility, absorption, and anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of bismuth subnitrate and colloidal bismuth subcitrate: In vitro data Do not predict In vivo efficacy. Helicobacter 2000;5(3):176-182. View abstract.
26352
Worku, M. L., Sidebotham, R. L., and Karim, Q. N. Effects of ranitidine bismuth citrate on Helicobacter pylori motility, morphology and survival. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13(6):753-760. View abstract.
26354
DuPont, H. L., Sullivan, P., Pickering, L. K., Haynes, G., and Ackerman, P. B. Symptomatic treatment of diarrhea with bismuth subsalicylate among students attending a Mexican university. Gastroenterology 1977;73(4 Pt 1):715-718. View abstract.
26355
DuPont, H. L., Sullivan, P., Evans, D. G., Pickering, L. K., Evans, D. J., Jr., Vollet, J. J., Ericsson, C. D., Ackerman, P. B., and Tjoa, W. S. Prevention of traveler's diarrhea (emporiatric enteritis). Prophylactic administration of subsalicylate bismuth). JAMA 1980;243(3):237-241. View abstract.
26356
Fine, K. D. and Lee, E. L. Efficacy of open-label bismuth subsalicylate for the treatment of microscopic colitis. Gastroenterology 1998;114(1):29-36. View abstract.
26357
Goldenberg, M. M., Honkomp, L. J., and Davis, C. S. Antinauseant and antiemetic properties of bismuth subsalicylate in dogs and humans. J Pharm Sci 1976;65(9):1398-1400. View abstract.
26359
Konturek, S. J., Brzozowski, T., Majka, J., Szlachcic, A., and Pytko-Polonczyk, J. Implications of nitric oxide in the action of cytoprotective drugs on gastric mucosa. J Clin Gastroenterol 1993;17 Suppl 1:S140-S145. View abstract.
26361
Heckers, H., Mannl, M. R., Muskat, E., Stelz, A., and Bodeker, R. H. [Absorption and renal elimination of bismuth from 6 different bismuth salts after a single dosage]. Z Gastroenterol 1994;32(7):375-381. View abstract.
26363
Koch, K. M., Kerr, B. M., Gooding, A. E., and Davis, I. M. Pharmacokinetics of bismuth and ranitidine following multiple doses of ranitidine bismuth citrate. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1996;42(2):207-211. View abstract.
26364
Lacey, L. F., Frazer, N. M., Keene, O. N., and Smith, J. T. Comparative pharmacokinetics of bismuth from ranitidine bismuth citrate (GR122311X), a novel anti-ulcerant and tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (TDB). Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1994;47(2):177-180. View abstract.
26365
Nwokolo, C. U., Prewett, E. J., Sawyerr, A. M., Hudson, M., and Pounder, R. E. The effect of histamine H2-receptor blockade on bismuth absorption from three ulcer-healing compounds. Gastroenterology 1991;101(4):889-894. View abstract.
26370
Prewett, E. J., Nwokolo, C. U., Hudson, M., Sawyerr, A. M., Fraser, A., and Pounder, R. E. The effect of GR122311X, a bismuth compound with H2-antagonist activity, on 24-hour intragastric acidity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1991;5(5):481-490. View abstract.
29942
Supino-Viterbo V, Sicard C, Risvegliato M, Rancurel G, Buge A. Toxic encephalopathy due to ingestion of bismuth salts: clinical and EEG studies of 45 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1977;40(8):748-52. View abstract.
29943
Cohen PR. Black tongue secondary to bismuth subsalicylate: case report and review of exogenous causes of macular lingual pigmentation. J Drugs Dermatol 2009;8(12):1132-5. View abstract.
29944
Ioffreda MD, Gordon CA, Adams DR, Naides SJ, Miller JJ. Black tongue. Arch Dermatol 2001;137(7):968-9. View abstract.
29945
Bingham AL, Brown RO, Dickerson RN. Inadvertent exaggerated anticoagulation following use of bismuth subsalicylate in an enterally fed patient receiving warfarin therapy. Nutr Clin Pract 2013;28(6):766-9. View abstract.
29946
Masannat Y, Nazer E. Pepto bismuth associated neurotoxicity: A rare side effect of a commonly used medication. W V Med J 2013;109(3):32-4. View abstract.
29947
James JA. Acute renal failure due to a bismuth preparation. Calif Med 1968;109(4):317-9. View abstract.
29948
Jacobsen JB, Hüttel MS. [Methemhemoglobinemia after excessive intake of a subnitrate containing antacid]. Ugeskr Laeger 1982;144(32):2349-50. View abstract.
29949
Venerito M, Krieger T, Ecker T, Leandro G, Malfertheiner P. Meta-analysis of bismuth quadruple therapy versus clarithromycin triple therapy for empiric primary treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Digestion 2013;88(1):33-45. View abstract.
29950
Gené E, Calvet X, Azagra R, Gisbert JP. Triple vs. quadruple therapy for treating Helicobacter pylori infection: a meta-analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17(9):1137-43. View abstract.
29951
Gisbert JP, Pajares R, Pajares JM. Evolution of Helicobacter pylori therapy from a meta-analytical perspective. Helicobacter 2007;12 Suppl 2:50-8. View abstract.
29953
Fischbach LA, van Zanten S, Dickason J. Meta-analysis: the efficacy, adverse events, and adherence related to first-line anti-Helicobacter pylori quadruple therapies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20(10):1071-82. View abstract.
29954
Lerang F, Moum B, Ragnhildstveit E, et al. A comparison between omeprazole-based triple therapy and bismuth-based triple therapy for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: a prospective randomized 1-yr follow-up study. Am J Gastroenterol 1997;92(4):653-8. View abstract.
29955
Tucci A, Poli L, Gasperoni S, et al. Evaluation of two therapeutic regimens for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Ital J Gastroenterol 1994;26(3):107-10. View abstract.
29956
Thijs JC, van Zwet AA, Moolenaar W, Wolfhagen MJ, ten Bokkel Huinink J. Triple therapy vs. amoxicillin plus omeprazole for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled study of efficacy and side effects. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91(1):93-7. View abstract.
29957
Ford AC, Malfertheiner P, Giguere M, et al. Adverse events with bismuth salts for Helicobacter pylori eradication: systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2008;14(48):7361-70. View abstract.
29958
Fine K, Ogunji F, Lee E, Lafon G, Tanzi M. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of bismuth subsalicylate for microscopic colitis. Gastroenterology 1999; Vol. 116, issue 4:G3825.
29959
Steffen R, DuPont HL, Heusser R, et al. Prevention of traveler's diarrhea by the tablet form of bismuth subsalicylate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1986;29(4):625-7. View abstract.
29961
Leonard NM, Wieland LC, Mohan RS. Applications of bismuth(III) compounds in organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 2002;58:8373-8397.
29965
Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 - Foods and Drugs. Chapter 1 - Food and Drug Administration. Subchapter D - Drugs for Human Use. Part 357 Miscellaneous internal drug products for over-the-counter human use. Available at: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm?cfrpart=357&showfr=1&subpartnode=21:5.0.1.1.29.5
29966
Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 - Foods and Drugs. Chapter 1 - Food and Drug Administration. Subchapter D - Drugs for Human Use. Part 335 Antidiarrheal drug products for over-the-counter human use. Available at: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm?fr=335.50
90291
Shavakhi A, Tabesh E, Yaghoutkar A, Hashemi H, Tabesh F, Khodadoostan M,Minakari M, Shavakhi S, Gholamrezaei A. The effects of multistrain probiotic compound on bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: a randomized placebo-controlled triple-blind study. Helicobacter. 2013;18(4):280-4. View abstract.
90852
Lambert JR. Pharmacology of bismuth-containing compounds. Rev Infect Dis 1991;13(8):S691-S695. View abstract.
90853
Yang N, Sun H. Biocoordination chemistry of bismuth: Recent advances. Coord Chem Rev 2007;251:2354-2366.
97814
Chey WD, Leontiadis GI, Howden CW, Moss SF. ACG clinical guideline: treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2017;112(2):212-39. View abstract.
97815
Riddle MS, DuPont HL, Connor BA. ACG clinical guideline: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute diarrheal infections in adults. Am J Gastroenterol 2016;111(5):602-22. View abstract.
97817
Tsay FW, Wu DC, Yu HC, et al. A randomized controlled trial shows that both 14-day hybrid and bismuth quadruple therapies cure most patients with Helicobacter pylori infection in populations with moderate antibiotic resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017;61(11). pii: e00140-17. View abstract.
97818
Wang L, Lin Z, Chen S, et al. Ten-day bismuth-containing quadruple therapy is effective as first-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori-related chronic gastritis: a prospective randomized study in China. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017;23(6):391-5. View abstract.
97819
Segal JP, Ding NS, Worley G, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the management of chronic refractory pouchitis with an evidence-based treatment algorithm. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017;45(5):581-92. View abstract.
97821
Kim SH, Tramontina VA, Papalexiou V, Luczyszyn SM. Bismuth subgallate as a topical hemostatic agent at palatal donor sites. Quintessence Int 2010;41(8):645-9. View abstract.
97822
Choe JW, Jung SW, Kim SY, et al. Comparative study of Helicobacter pylori eradication rates of concomitant therapy vs modified quadruple therapy comprising proton-pump inhibitor, bismuth, amoxicillin, and metronidazole in Korea. Helicobacter 2018;23(2):e12466. View abstract.
97823
De Francesco V, Pontone S, Bellesia A, et al. Quadruple, sequential, and concomitant first-line therapies for H. pylori eradication: a prospective, randomized study. Dig Liver Dis 2018;50(2):139-41. View abstract.
97824
Wu TS, Hsu PI, Kuo CH, et al. Comparison of 10-day levofloxacin bismuth-based quadruple therapy and levofloxacin-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori. J Dig Dis 2017;18(9):537-42. View abstract.
97825
Liou JM, Fang YJ, Chen CC, Taiwan Gastrointestinal Disease and Helicobacter Consortium. Concomitant, bismuth quadruple, and 14-day triple therapy in the first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori: a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial. Lancet 2016;388(10058):2355-65. View abstract.
98733
Sheele J, Cartowski J, Dart A, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii and bismuth subsalicylate as low-cost interventions to reduce the duration and severity of cholera. Pathog Glob Health. 2015;109(6):275-82. View abstract.
101112
Koulinska I, Riester K, Chalkias S, Edwards MR. Effect of bismuth subsalicylate on gastrointestinal tolerability in healthy volunteers receiving oral delayed-release dimethyl fumarate: PREVENT, a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Ther. 2018;40(12):2021-2030.e1. View abstract.
101113
Zaveri H, Surve A, Cottam D, et al. Does bismuth subgallate affect smell and stool Character? A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial of bismuth subgallate on loop duodenal switch patients with complaints of smelly stools and diarrhea. Obes Surg. 2018;28(11):3511-3517. View abstract.
106807
Halani S, Wu PE. Salicylate toxicity from chronic bismuth subsalicylate use. BMJ Case Rep 2020;13(11):e236929. View abstract.
106808
Guo B, Cao NW, Zhou HY, Chu XJ, Li BZ. Efficacy and safety of bismuth-containing quadruple treatment and concomitant treatment for first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2021;152:104661. View abstract.
106809
Galleani C, Bautista-Villanueva S, Barranco R, et al. Fixed drug eruption due to bismuth during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021;9(6):2503-2504. View abstract.
110036
Cao Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, et al. The efficacy and safety of different bismuth agents in Helicobacter pylori first-line eradication: A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021;100(50):e27923. View abstract.
110037
Yin Z, Li J, Huang W, et al. High-Dose Dual Therapy Versus Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapy for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Turk J Gastroenterol 2022;33(6):454-462. View abstract.