Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.

The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.

McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.

Shearer MJ, Bach A, Kohlmeier M. Chemistry, nutritional sources, tissue distribution and metabolism of vitamin K with special reference to bone health. J Nutr 1996;126:1181S-6S. View abstract.

Gotz V, Romankiewicz JA, Moss J, Murray HW. Prophylaxis against ampicillin-associated diarrhea with a lactobacillus preparation. Am J Hosp Pharm 1979;36:754-7. View abstract.

Morris JC, Beeley L, Ballantine N. Interaction of ethinyloestradiol with ascorbic acid in man [letter]. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981;283:503. View abstract.

Harder S, Fuhr U, Staib AH, Wolff T. Ciprofloxacin-caffeine: a drug interaction established using in vivo and in vitro investigations. Am J Med 1989;87:89S-91S. View abstract.

Carbo M, Segura J, De la Torre R, et al. Effect of quinolones on caffeine disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989;45:234-40. View abstract.

Healy DP, Polk RE, Kanawati L, et al. Interaction between oral ciprofloxacin and caffeine in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:474-8. View abstract.

Mester R, Toren P, Mizrachi I, et al. Caffeine withdrawal increases lithium blood levels. Biol Psychiatry 1995;37:348-50. View abstract.

Jefferson JW. Lithium tremor and caffeine intake: two cases of drinking less and shaking more. J Clin Psychiatry 1988;49:72-3. View abstract.

Hsu CK, Leo P, Shastry D, et al. Anticholinergic poisoning associated with herbal tea. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:2245-8. View abstract.

Joeres R, Klinker H, Heusler H, et al. Influence of mexiletine on caffeine elimination. Pharmacol Ther 1987;33:163-9. View abstract.

Vahedi K, Domingo V, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Ischemic stroke in a sportsman who consumed MaHuang extract and creatine monohydrate for bodybuilding. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2000;68:112-3. View abstract.

For Dieter, Nearly the Ultimate Loss. The Washington Post. Available at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/03/19/for-dieter-nearly-the-ultimate-loss/c0f07474-489d-4f44-bc17-1f1367c956ae/ (Accessed 19 March 2000).

Wakabayashi K, Kono S, Shinchi K, et al. Habitual coffee consumption and blood pressure: A study of self-defense officials in Japan. Eur J Epidemiol 1998;14:669-73. View abstract.

Hodgson JM, Puddey IB, Burke V, et al. Effects on blood pressure of drinking green and black tea. J Hypertens 1999;17:457-63. View abstract.

Pintos J, Franco EL, Oliveira BV, et al. Mate, coffee, and tea consumption and risk of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract in southern Brazil. Epidemiology 1994;5:583-90. View abstract.

De Stefani E, Fierro L, Mendilaharsu M, et al. Meat intake, 'mate' drinking and renal cell cancer in Uruguay: a case-control study. Br J Cancer 1998;78:1239-43. View abstract.

De Stefani E, Correa P, Fierro L, et al. Black tobacco, mate, and bladder cancer. A case-control study from Uruguay. Cancer 1991;67:536-40. View abstract.

De Stefani E, Fierro L, Correa P, et al. Mate drinking and risk of lung cancer in males: a case-control study from Uruguay. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996;5:515-9. View abstract.

Wallach J. Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests. A synopsis of Laboratory Medicine. Fifth ed; Boston, MA: Little Brown, 1992.

Vandeberghe K, Gillis N, Van Leemputte M, et al. Caffeine counteracts the ergogenic action of muscle creatine loading. J Appl Physiol 1996;80:452-7. View abstract.

Chiu KM. Efficacy of calcium supplements on bone mass in postmenopausal women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1999;54:M275-80. View abstract.

Rapuri PB, Gallagher JC, Kinyamu HK, Ryschon KL. Caffeine intake increases the rate of bone loss in elderly women and interacts with vitamin D receptor genotypes. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:694-700. View abstract.

The National Toxicology Program (NTP). Caffeine. Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR). Available at: http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/common/caffeine.html.

Klebanoff MA, Levine RJ, DerSimonian R, et al. Maternal serum paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, and the risk of spontaneous abortion. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1639-44. View abstract.

Fernandes O, Sabharwal M, Smiley T, et al. Moderate to heavy caffeine consumption during pregnancy and relationship to spontaneous abortion and abnormal fetal growth: a meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol 1998;12:435-44. View abstract.

Stookey JD. The diuretic effects of alcohol and caffeine and total water intake misclassification. Eur J Epidemiol 1999;15:181-8. View abstract.

Wemple RD, Lamb DR, McKeever KH. Caffeine vs caffeine-free sports drinks: effects on urine production at rest and during prolonged exercise. Int J Sports Med 1997;18:40-6. View abstract.

Pollock BG, Wylie M, Stack JA, et al. Inhibition of caffeine metabolism by estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:936-40. View abstract.

DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al; eds. Pharmacotherapy: A pathophysiologic approach. 4th ed. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1999.

Nurminen ML, Niittynen L, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Coffee, caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53:831-9. View abstract.

Dews PB, Curtis GL, Hanford KJ, O'Brien CP. The frequency of caffeine withdrawal in a population-based survey and in a controlled, blinded pilot experiment. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:1221-32. View abstract.

FDA. Proposed rule: dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids. Available at: www.verity.fda.gov (Accessed 25 January 2000).

Boozer CN, Nasser JA, Heymsfield SB, et al. An herbal supplement containing Ma Huang-Guarana for weight loss: a randomized, double-blind trial. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001;25:316-24. View abstract.

Williams MH, Branch JD. Creatine supplementation and exercise performance: an update. J Am Coll Nutr 1998;17:216-34. View abstract.

Hagg S, Spigset O, Mjorndal T, Dahlqvist R. Effect of caffeine on clozapine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000;49:59-63. View abstract.

McGee J, Patrick RS, Wood CB, Blumgart LH. A case of veno-occlusive disease of the liver in Britain associated with herbal tea consumption. J Clin Pathol 1976;29:788-94. View abstract.

Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Professional's Handbook of Complementary & Alternative Medicines. 1st ed. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse Corp., 1999.

Watson JM, Jenkins EJ, Hamilton P, et al. Influence of caffeine on the frequency and perception of hypoglycemia in free-living patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23:455-9. View abstract.

Lloyd T, Johnson-Rollings N, Eggli DF, et al. Bone status among postmenopausal women with different habitual caffeine intakes: a longitudinal investigation. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:256-61. View abstract.

American Academy of Pediatrics. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001;108:776-89. View abstract.

Sinclair CJ, Geiger JD. Caffeine use in sports. A pharmacological review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2000;40:71-9. View abstract.

Haller CA, Benowitz NL. Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1833-8. View abstract.

Ali M, Afzal M. A potent inhibitor of thrombin stimulated platelet thromboxane formation from unprocessed tea. Prostaglandins Leukot Med 1987;27:9-13. View abstract.

Ardlie NG, Glew G, Schultz BG, Schwartz CJ. Inhibition and reversal of platelet aggregation by methyl xanthines. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1967;18:670-3. View abstract.

Ferrini RL, Barrett-Connor E. Caffeine intake and endogenous sex steroid levels in postmenopausal women. The Rancho Bernardo Study. Am J Epidemiol 1996:144:642-4. View abstract.

Avisar R, Avisar E, Weinberger D. Effect of coffee consumption on intraocular pressure. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:992-5.. View abstract.

Bell DG, Jacobs I, Ellerington K. Effect of caffeine and ephedrine ingestion on anaerobic exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:1399-403. View abstract.

Horner NK, Lampe JW. Potential mechanisms of diet therapy for fibrocystic breast conditions show inadequate evidence of effectiveness. J Am Diet Assoc 2000;100:1368-80. View abstract.

Bara AI, Barley EA. Caffeine for asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;4:CD001112.. View abstract.

McGowan JD, Altman RE, Kanto WP Jr. Neonatal withdrawal symptoms after chronic maternal ingestion of caffeine. South Med J 1988;81:1092-4.. View abstract.

Massey LK. Is caffeine a risk factor for bone loss in the elderly? Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:569-70. View abstract.

Dreher HM. The effect of caffeine reduction on sleep quality and well-being in persons with HIV. J Psychosom Res 2003;54:191-8.. View abstract.

Grandjean AC, Reimers KJ, Bannick KE, Haven MC. The effect of caffeinated, non-caffeinated, caloric and non-caloric beverages on hydration. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:591-600.. View abstract.

Kockler DR, McCarthy MW, Lawson CL. Seizure activity and unresponsiveness after hydroxycut ingestion. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:647-51.. View abstract.

Nix D, Zelenitsky S, Symonds W, et al. The effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in young and elderly subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992;51:183.

Infante S, Baeza ML, Calvo M, et al. Anaphylaxis due to caffeine. Allergy 2003;58:681-2. View abstract.

Massey LK, Whiting SJ. Caffeine, urinary calcium, calcium metabolism and bone. J Nutr 1993;123:1611-4. View abstract.

Nawrot P, Jordan S, Eastwood J, et al. Effects of caffeine on human health. Food Addit Contam 2003;20:1-30. View abstract.

May DC, Jarboe CH, VanBakel AB, Williams WM. Effects of cimetidine on caffeine disposition in smokers and nonsmokers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1982;31:656-61. View abstract.

Abernethy DR, Todd EL. Impairment of caffeine clearance by chronic use of low-dose oestrogen-containing oral contraceptives. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1985;28:425-8. View abstract.

Brown NJ, Ryder D, Branch RA. A pharmacodynamic interaction between caffeine and phenylpropanolamine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991;50:363-71. View abstract.

Sanderink GJ, Bournique B, Stevens J, et al. Involvement of human CYP1A isoenzymes in the metabolism and drug interactions of riluzole in vitro. Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;282:1465-72. View abstract.

Wahllander A, Paumgartner G. Effect of ketoconazole and terbinafine on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989;37:279-83. View abstract.

Carrillo JA, Benitez J. Clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions between dietary caffeine and medications. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000;39:127-53. View abstract.

Stanek EJ, Melko GP, Charland SL. Xanthine interference with dipyridamole-thallium-201 myocardial imaging. Pharmacother 1995;29:425-7. View abstract.

Smith A. Effects of caffeine on human behavior. Food Chem Toxicol 2002;40:1243-55. View abstract.

Underwood DA. Which medications should be held before a pharmacologic or exercise stress test? Cleve Clin J Med 2002;69:449-50. View abstract.

Aqel RA, Zoghbi GJ, Trimm JR, et al. Effect of caffeine administered intravenously on intracoronary-administered adenosine-induced coronary hemodynamics in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2004;93:343-6. View abstract.

Zheng XM, Williams RC. Serum caffeine levels after 24-hour abstention: clinical implications on dipyridamole (201)Tl myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Med Technol 2002;30:123-7. View abstract.

Institute of Medicine. Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operations. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309082587/html/index.html.

Howell LL, Coffin VL, Spealman RD. Behavioral and physiological effects of xanthines in nonhuman primates. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1997;129:1-14. View abstract.

Chou T. Wake up and smell the coffee. Caffeine, coffee, and the medical consequences. West J Med 1992;157:544-53. View abstract.

Holmgren P, Norden-Pettersson L, Ahlner J. Caffeine fatalities--four case reports. Forensic Sci Int 2004;139:71-3. View abstract.

Dews PB, O'Brien CP, Bergman J. Caffeine: behavioral effects of withdrawal and related issues. Food Chem Toxicol 2002;40:1257-61. View abstract.

Beach CA, Mays DC, Guiler RC, et al. Inhibition of elimination of caffeine by disulfiram in normal subjects and recovering alcoholics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986;39:265-70. View abstract.

Durrant KL. Known and hidden sources of caffeine in drug, food, and natural products. J Am Pharm Assoc 2002;42:625-37. View abstract.

Goldenberg D, Golz A, Joachims HZ. The beverage mate: a risk factor for cancer of the head and neck. Head Neck 2003;25:595-601. View abstract.

Sewram V, De Stefani E, Brennan P, Boffetta P. Mate consumption and the risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer in uruguay. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003;12:508-13. View abstract.

Esmelindro AA, Girardi Jdos S, Mossi A, et al. Influence of agronomic variables on the composition of mate tea leaves (Ilex paraguariensis) extracts obtained from CO2 extraction at 30 degrees C and 175 bar. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52:1990-5. View abstract.

Andersen T, Fogh J. Weight loss and delayed gastric emptying following a South American herbal preparation in overweight patients. J Hum Nutr Diet 2001;14:243-50. View abstract.

Saldana MD, Zetzl C, Mohamed RS, Brunner G. Extraction of methylxanthines from guarana seeds, mate leaves, and cocoa beans using supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:4820-6. View abstract.

Lane JD, Barkauskas CE, Surwit RS, Feinglos MN. Caffeine impairs glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2047-8. View abstract.

Petrie HJ, Chown SE, Belfie LM, et al. Caffeine ingestion increases the insulin response to an oral-glucose-tolerance test in obese men before and after weight loss. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:22-8. View abstract.

Santos IS, Matijasevich A, Valle NC. Mate drinking during pregnancy and risk of preterm and small for gestational age birth. J Nutr 2005;135:1120-3. View abstract.

Haller CA, Benowitz NL, Jacob P 3rd. Hemodynamic effects of ephedra-free weight-loss supplements in humans. Am J Med 2005;118:998-1003.. View abstract.

Acheson KJ, Gremaud G, Meirim I, et al. Metabolic effects of caffeine in humans: lipid oxidation or futile cycling? Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:40-6. View abstract.

Benowitz NL, Osterloh J, Goldschlager N, et al. Massive catecholamine release from caffeine poisoning. JAMA 1982;248:1097-8. View abstract.

Leson CL, McGuigan MA, Bryson SM. Caffeine overdose in an adolescent male. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1988;26:407-15. View abstract.

Juliano LM, Griffiths RR. A critical review of caffeine withdrawal: empirical validation of symptoms and signs, incidence, severity, and associated features. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004;176:1-29. View abstract.

Winkelmayer WC, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Curhan GC. Habitual caffeine intake and the risk of hypertension in women. JAMA 2005;294:2330-5. View abstract.

Watson JM, Sherwin RS, Deary IJ, et al. Dissociation of augmented physiological, hormonal and cognitive responses to hypoglycaemia with sustained caffeine use. Clin Sci (Lond) 2003;104:447-54. View abstract.

Raaska K, Raitasuo V, Laitila J, Neuvonen PJ. Effect of caffeine-containing versus decaffeinated coffee on serum clozapine concentrations in hospitalised patients. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2004;94:13-8. View abstract.

Forrest WH Jr, Bellville JW, Brown BW Jr. The interaction of caffeine with pentobarbital as a nighttime hypnotic. Anesthesiology 1972;36:37-41. View abstract.

Lake CR, Rosenberg DB, Gallant S, et al. Phenylpropanolamine increases plasma caffeine levels. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990;47:675-85. View abstract.

Robinson LE, Savani S, Battram DS, et al. Caffeine ingestion before an oral glucose tolerance test impairs blood glucose management in men with type 2 diabetes. J Nutr 2004;134:2528-33. View abstract.

Conforti AS, Gallo ME, Saraví FD. Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) consumption is associated with higher bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Bone 2012;50:9-13. View abstract.

Kynast-Gales SA, Massey LK. Effect of caffeine on circadian excretion of urinary calcium and magnesium. J Am Coll Nutr. 1994;13:467-72. View abstract.

Shet, M. S., McPhaul, M., Fisher, C. W., Stallings, N. R., and Estabrook, R. W. Metabolism of the antiandrogenic drug (Flutamide) by human CYP1A2. Drug Metab Dispos. 1997;25(11):1298-1303. View abstract.

Staib, A. H., Stille, W., Dietlein, G., Shah, P. M., Harder, S., Mieke, S., and Beer, C. Interaction between quinolones and caffeine. Drugs 1987;34 Suppl 1:170-174. View abstract.

Stille, W., Harder, S., Mieke, S., Beer, C., Shah, P. M., Frech, K., and Staib, A. H. Decrease of caffeine elimination in man during co-administration of 4-quinolones. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. 1987;20(5):729-734. View abstract.

Fuhr, U., Strobl, G., Manaut, F., Anders, E. M., Sorgel, F., Lopez-de-Brinas, E., Chu, D. T., Pernet, A. G., Mahr, G., Sanz, F., and . Quinolone antibacterial agents: relationship between structure and in vitro inhibition of the human cytochrome P450 isoform CYP1A2. Mol.Pharmacol. 1993;43(2):191-199. View abstract.

Kot, M. and Daniel, W. A. Effect of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and ticlopidine on CYP1A2 activity and caffeine metabolism: an in vitro comparative study with human cDNA-expressed CYP1A2 and liver microsomes. Pharmacol Rep. 2009;61(6):1216-1220. View abstract.

Gasior, M., Borowicz, K., Buszewicz, G., Kleinrok, Z., and Czuczwar, S. J. Anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbital and valproate against maximal electroshock in mice during chronic treatment with caffeine and caffeine discontinuation. Epilepsia 1996;37(3):262-268. View abstract.

Jankiewicz, K., Chroscinska-Krawczyk, M., Blaszczyk, B., and Czuczwar, S. J. [Caffeine and antiepileptic drugs: experimental and clinical data]. Przegl.Lek. 2007;64(11):965-967. View abstract.

Luszczki, J. J., Zuchora, M., Sawicka, K. M., Kozinska, J., and Czuczwar, S. J. Acute exposure to caffeine decreases the anticonvulsant action of ethosuximide, but not that of clonazepam, phenobarbital and valproate against pentetrazole-induced seizures in mice. Pharmacol Rep. 2006;58(5):652-659. View abstract.

Chroscinska-Krawczyk, M., Jargiello-Baszak, M., Walek, M., Tylus, B., and Czuczwar, S. J. Caffeine and the anticonvulsant potency of antiepileptic drugs: experimental and clinical data. Pharmacol.Rep. 2011;63(1):12-18. View abstract.

Vaz, J., Kulkarni, C., David, J., and Joseph, T. Influence of caffeine on pharmacokinetic profile of sodium valproate and carbamazepine in normal human volunteers. Indian J.Exp.Biol. 1998;36(1):112-114. View abstract.

Gasior, M., Swiader, M., Przybylko, M., Borowicz, K., Turski, W. A., Kleinrok, Z., and Czuczwar, S. J. Felbamate demonstrates low propensity for interaction with methylxanthines and Ca2+ channel modulators against experimental seizures in mice. Eur.J Pharmacol 7-10-1998;352(2-3):207-214. View abstract.

Mohiuddin, M., Azam, A. T., Amran, M. S., and Hossain, M. A. In vive effects of gliclazide and metformin on the plasma concentration of caffeine in healthy rats. Pak.J Biol Sci 5-1-2009;12(9):734-737. View abstract.

Mays, D. C., Camisa, C., Cheney, P., Pacula, C. M., Nawoot, S., and Gerber, N. Methoxsalen is a potent inhibitor of the metabolism of caffeine in humans. Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 1987;42(6):621-626. View abstract.

Norager, C. B., Jensen, M. B., Weimann, A., and Madsen, M. R. Metabolic effects of caffeine ingestion and physical work in 75-year old citizens. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006;65(2):223-228. View abstract.

Wang, X. and Yeung, J. H. Effects of the aqueous extract from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge on caffeine pharmacokinetics and liver microsomal CYP1A2 activity in humans and rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010;62(8):1077-1083. View abstract.

Gorski, J. C., Huang, S. M., Pinto, A., Hamman, M. A., Hilligoss, J. K., Zaheer, N. A., Desai, M., Miller, M., and Hall, S. D. The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004;75(1):89-100. View abstract.

Chen, Y., Xiao, C. Q., He, Y. J., Chen, B. L., Wang, G., Zhou, G., Zhang, W., Tan, Z. R., Cao, S., Wang, L. P., and Zhou, H. H. Genistein alters caffeine exposure in healthy female volunteers. Eur.J Clin.Pharmacol. 2011;67(4):347-353. View abstract.

Zheng, J., Chen, B., Jiang, B., Zeng, L., Tang, Z. R., Fan, L., and Zhou, H. H. The effects of puerarin on CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 activities in vivo. Arch Pharm Res 2010;33(2):243-246. View abstract.

Hartter, S., Nordmark, A., Rose, D. M., Bertilsson, L., Tybring, G., and Laine, K. Effects of caffeine intake on the pharmacokinetics of melatonin, a probe drug for CYP1A2 activity. Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2003;56(6):679-682. View abstract.

Ursing, C., Wikner, J., Brismar, K., and Rojdmark, S. Caffeine raises the serum melatonin level in healthy subjects: an indication of melatonin metabolism by cytochrome P450(CYP)1A2. J.Endocrinol.Invest 2003;26(5):403-406. View abstract.

Azcona O, Barbanoi MJ, Torrent J, Jane F. Evaluation of the central effects of alcohol and caffeine interaction. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995;40:393-400. View abstract.

Broughton LJ, Rogers HJ. Decreased systemic clearance of caffeine due to cimetidine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1981;12:155-9. View abstract.

File SE, Bond AJ, Lister RG. Interaction between effects of caffeine and lorazepam in performance tests and self-ratings. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1982;2:102-6. View abstract.

Mattila MJ, Palva E, Savolainen K. Caffeine antagonizes diazepam effects in man. Med Biol 1982;60:121-3. View abstract.

Mattila MJ, Nuotto E. Caffeine and theophylline counteract diazepam effects in man. Med Biol 1983;61:337-43. View abstract.

Mattila ME, Mattila MJ, Nuotto E. Caffeine moderately antagonizes the effects of triazolam and zopiclone on the psychomotor performance of healthy subjects. Pharmacol Toxicol 1992;70:286-9. View abstract.

Mattila MJ, Vainio P, Nurminen ML, et al. Midazolam 12 mg is moderately counteracted by 250 mg caffeine in man. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000;38:581-7. View abstract.

Zelenitsky SA, Norman A, Nix DE. The effects of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in young and elderly subjects. J Infect Dis Pharmacother 1995;1:1-11.

Joeres R, Richter E. Mexiletine and caffeine elimination. N Engl J Med 1987;317:117. View abstract.

Jia H, Xu A, Yuan J, et al. Experimental study on cytochrome P450 enzymes after receiving ferment powder caterpillar fungus. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2009;34:2079-82. View abstract.

ROTH, J. L. Clinical evaluation of the caffeine gastric analysis in duodenal ulcer patients. Gastroenterology 1951;19(2):199-215. View abstract.

Sung, B. H., Whitsett, T. L., Lovallo, W. R., al'Absi, M., Pincomb, G. A., and Wilson, M. F. Prolonged increase in blood pressure by a single oral dose of caffeine in mildly hypertensive men. Am.J Hypertens. 1994;7(8):755-758. View abstract.

Smits, P., Temme, L., and Thien, T. The cardiovascular interaction between caffeine and nicotine in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993;54(2):194-204. View abstract.

MacKenzie, T., Comi, R., Sluss, P., Keisari, R., Manwar, S., Kim, J., Larson, R., and Baron, J. A. Metabolic and hormonal effects of caffeine: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Metabolism 2007;56(12):1694-1698. View abstract.

Mort, J. R. and Kruse, H. R. Timing of blood pressure measurement related to caffeine consumption. Ann Pharmacother. 2008;42(1):105-110. View abstract.

Lopez-Garcia, E., Rodriguez-Artalejo, F., Rexrode, K. M., Logroscino, G., Hu, F. B., and van Dam, R. M. Coffee consumption and risk of stroke in women. Circulation 3-3-2009;119(8):1116-1123. View abstract.

Zhang, W., Lopez-Garcia, E., Li, T. Y., Hu, F. B., and van Dam, R. M. Coffee consumption and risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality among men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009;32(6):1043-1045. View abstract.

Moisey, L. L., Robinson, L. E., and Graham, T. E. Consumption of caffeinated coffee and a high carbohydrate meal affects postprandial metabolism of a subsequent oral glucose tolerance test in young, healthy males. Br.J Nutr. 2010;103(6):833-841. View abstract.

Simmonds, M. J., Minahan, C. L., and Sabapathy, S. Caffeine improves supramaximal cycling but not the rate of anaerobic energy release. Eur.J Appl Physiol 2010;109(2):287-295. View abstract.

Buscemi, S., Verga, S., Batsis, J. A., Donatelli, M., Tranchina, M. R., Belmonte, S., Mattina, A., Re, A., and Cerasola, G. Acute effects of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects. Eur.J Clin Nutr. 2010;64(5):483-489. View abstract.

Casiglia, E., Bongiovi, S., Paleari, C. D., Petucco, S., Boni, M., Colangeli, G., Penzo, M., and Pessina, A. C. Haemodynamic effects of coffee and caffeine in normal volunteers: a placebo-controlled clinical study. J.Intern.Med. 1991;229(6):501-504. View abstract.

Farag, N. H., Whitsett, T. L., McKey, B. S., Wilson, M. F., Vincent, A. S., Everson-Rose, S. A., and Lovallo, W. R. Caffeine and blood pressure response: sex, age, and hormonal status. J Womens Health (Larchmt.) 2010;19(6):1171-1176. View abstract.

Ernest, D., Chia, M., and Corallo, C. E. Profound hypokalaemia due to Nurofen Plus and Red Bull misuse. Crit Care Resusc. 2010;12(2):109-110. View abstract.

Conen, D., Chiuve, S. E., Everett, B. M., Zhang, S. M., Buring, J. E., and Albert, C. M. Caffeine consumption and incident atrial fibrillation in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92(3):509-514. View abstract.

Bracesco, N., Sanchez, A. G., Contreras, V., Menini, T., and Gugliucci, A. Recent advances on Ilex paraguariensis research: Minireview. J Ethnopharmacol. 6-26-2010; View abstract.

Reis, J. P., Loria, C. M., Steffen, L. M., Zhou, X., van, Horn L., Siscovick, D. S., Jacobs, D. R., Jr., and Carr, J. J. Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, caffeine, and tea consumption in young adulthood and atherosclerosis later in life: the CARDIA study. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol 2010;30(10):2059-2066. View abstract.

Clausen, T. Hormonal and pharmacological modification of plasma potassium homeostasis. Fundam.Clin Pharmacol 2010;24(5):595-605. View abstract.

Gronroos, N. N. and Alonso, A. Diet and risk of atrial fibrillation - epidemiologic and clinical evidence -. Circ.J 2010;74(10):2029-2038. View abstract.

Orozco-Gregorio, H., Mota-Rojas, D., Bonilla-Jaime, H., Trujillo-Ortega, M. E., Becerril-Herrera, M., Hernandez-Gonzalez, R., and Villanueva-Garcia, D. Effects of administration of caffeine on metabolic variables in neonatal pigs with peripartum asphyxia. Am.J Vet.Res. 2010;71(10):1214-1219. View abstract.

Smits, P., Lenders, J. W., and Thien, T. Caffeine and theophylline attenuate adenosine-induced vasodilation in humans. Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 1990;48(4):410-418. View abstract.

Birkett, N. J. and Logan, A. G. Caffeine-containing beverages and the prevalence of hypertension. J Hypertens.Suppl 1988;6(4):S620-S622. View abstract.

Jeppesen, U., Loft, S., Poulsen, H. E., and Brsen, K. A fluvoxamine-caffeine interaction study. Pharmacogenetics 1996;6(3):213-222. View abstract.

Quinlan, P., Lane, J., and Aspinall, L. Effects of hot tea, coffee and water ingestion on physiological responses and mood: the role of caffeine, water and beverage type. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1997;134(2):164-173. View abstract.

Fotherby, M. D., Ghandi, C., Haigh, R. A., Macdonald, T. A., and Potter, J. F. Sustained caffeine use has no pressor effect in the elderly. Cardiology in the Elderly 1994;2(6):499-503.

Dickel, M. L., Rates, S. M., and Ritter, M. R. Plants popularly used for loosing weight purposes in Porto Alegre, South Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol 1-3-2007;109(1):60-71. View abstract.

Pittler, M. H. and Ernst, E. Dietary supplements for body-weight reduction: a systematic review. Am.J.Clin Nutr. 2004;79(4):529-536. View abstract.

Pittler, M. H., Schmidt, K., and Ernst, E. Adverse events of herbal food supplements for body weight reduction: systematic review. Obes.Rev. 2005;6(2):93-111. View abstract.

Martinet, A., Hostettmann, K., and Schutz, Y. Thermogenic effects of commercially available plant preparations aimed at treating human obesity. Phytomedicine. 1999;6(4):231-238. View abstract.

Gorzalczany, S., Filip, R., Alonso, M. R., Mino, J., Ferraro, G. E., and Acevedo, C. Choleretic effect and intestinal propulsion of 'mate' (Ilex paraguariensis) and its substitutes or adulterants. J Ethnopharmacol. 2001;75(2-3):291-294. View abstract.

Gugliucci, A. and Menini, T. The botanical extracts of Achyrocline satureoides and Ilex paraguariensis prevent methylglyoxal-induced inhibition of plasminogen and antithrombin III. Life Sci. 12-6-2002;72(3):279-292. View abstract.

Bates, M. N., Rey, O. A., Biggs, M. L., Hopenhayn, C., Moore, L. E., Kalman, D., Steinmaus, C., and Smith, A. H. Case-control study of bladder cancer and exposure to arsenic in Argentina. Am J Epidemiol. 2-15-2004;159(4):381-389. View abstract.

Lunceford, N. and Gugliucci, A. Ilex paraguariensis extracts inhibit AGE formation more efficiently than green tea. Fitoterapia 2005;76(5):419-427. View abstract.

Paganini Stein, F. L., Schmidt, B., Furlong, E. B., Souza-Soares, L. A., Soares, M. C., Vaz, M. R., and Muccillo Baisch, A. L. Vascular responses to extractable fractions of Ilex paraguariensis in rats fed standard and high-cholesterol diets. Biol.Res Nurs. 2005;7(2):146-156. View abstract.

Mosimann, A. L., Wilhelm-Filho, D., and da Silva, E. L. Aqueous extract of Ilex paraguariensis attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Biofactors 2006;26(1):59-70. View abstract.

Bates, M. N., Hopenhayn, C., Rey, O. A., and Moore, L. E. Bladder cancer and mate consumption in Argentina: a case-control study. Cancer Lett. 2-8-2007;246(1-2):268-273. View abstract.

Martin, I., Lopez-Vilchez, M. A., Mur, A., Garcia-Algar, O., Rossi, S., Marchei, E., and Pichini, S. Neonatal withdrawal syndrome after chronic maternal drinking of mate. Ther Drug Monit. 2007;29(1):127-129. View abstract.

Milioli, E. M., Cologni, P., Santos, C. C., Marcos, T. D., Yunes, V. M., Fernandes, M. S., Schoenfelder, T., and Costa-Campos, L. Effect of acute administration of hydroalcohol extract of Ilex paraguariensis St Hilaire (Aquifoliaceae) in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Phytother.Res 2007;21(8):771-776. View abstract.

Menini, T., Heck, C., Schulze, J., de, Mejia E., and Gugliucci, A. Protective action of Ilex paraguariensis extract against free radical inactivation of paraoxonase-1 in high-density lipoprotein. Planta Med. 2007;73(11):1141-1147. View abstract.

Pang, J., Choi, Y., and Park, T. Ilex paraguariensis extract ameliorates obesity induced by high-fat diet: potential role of AMPK in the visceral adipose tissue. Arch.Biochem.Biophys. 8-15-2008;476(2):178-185. View abstract.

Oliveira, D. M., Freitas, H. S., Souza, M. F., Arcari, D. P., Ribeiro, M. L., Carvalho, P. O., and Bastos, D. H. Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) aqueous extract decreases intestinal SGLT1 gene expression but does not affect other biochemical parameters in alloxan-diabetic Wistar rats. J Agric.Food Chem. 11-26-2008;56(22):10527-10532. View abstract.

Matsumoto, R. L., Bastos, D. H., Mendonca, S., Nunes, V. S., Bartchewsky, W., Ribeiro, M. L., and de Oliveira, Carvalho P. Effects of mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) ingestion on mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and total antioxidant status in healthy young women. J Agric.Food Chem. 3-11-2009;57(5):1775-1780. View abstract.

Gugliucci, A. and Bastos, D. H. Chlorogenic acid protects paraoxonase 1 activity in high density lipoprotein from inactivation caused by physiological concentrations of hypochlorite. Fitoterapia 2009;80(2):138-142. View abstract.

Sugimoto, S., Nakamura, S., Yamamoto, S., Yamashita, C., Oda, Y., Matsuda, H., and Yoshikawa, M. Brazilian natural medicines. III. structures of triterpene oligoglycosides and lipase inhibitors from mate, leaves of ilex paraguariensis. Chem.Pharm.Bull.(Tokyo) 2009;57(3):257-261. View abstract.

Gugliucci, A., Bastos, D. H., Schulze, J., and Souza, M. F. Caffeic and chlorogenic acids in Ilex paraguariensis extracts are the main inhibitors of AGE generation by methylglyoxal in model proteins. Fitoterapia 2009;80(6):339-344. View abstract.

Arcari, D. P., Bartchewsky, W., dos Santos, T. W., Oliveira, K. A., Funck, A., Pedrazzoli, J., de Souza, M. F., Saad, M. J., Bastos, D. H., Gambero, A., Carvalho, Pde O., and Ribeiro, M. L. Antiobesity effects of yerba mate extract (Ilex paraguariensis) in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Obesity.(Silver.Spring) 2009;17(12):2127-2133. View abstract.

Martins, F., Noso, T. M., Porto, V. B., Curiel, A., Gambero, A., Bastos, D. H., Ribeiro, M. L., and Carvalho, Pde O. Mate tea inhibits in vitro pancreatic lipase activity and has hypolipidemic effect on high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Obesity.(Silver.Spring) 2010;18(1):42-47. View abstract.

de Morais, E. C., Stefanuto, A., Klein, G. A., Boaventura, B. C., de, Andrade F., Wazlawik, E., Di Pietro, P. F., Maraschin, M., and da Silva, E. L. Consumption of yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis ) improves serum lipid parameters in healthy dyslipidemic subjects and provides an additional LDL-cholesterol reduction in individuals on statin therapy. J Agric.Food Chem. 9-23-2009;57(18):8316-8324. View abstract.

Ranilla, L. G., Kwon, Y. I., Apostolidis, E., and Shetty, K. Phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and in vitro inhibitory potential against key enzymes relevant for hyperglycemia and hypertension of commonly used medicinal plants, herbs and spices in Latin America. Bioresour.Technol. 2010;101(12):4676-4689. View abstract.

Hussein, G. M., Matsuda, H., Nakamura, S., Akiyama, T., Tamura, K., and Yoshikawa, M. Protective and ameliorative effects of mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on metabolic syndrome in TSOD mice. Phytomedicine. 12-15-2011;19(1):88-97. View abstract.

Klein, G. A., Stefanuto, A., Boaventura, B. C., de Morais, E. C., Cavalcante, Lda S., de, Andrade F., Wazlawik, E., Di Pietro, P. F., Maraschin, M., and da Silva, E. L. Mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) improves glycemic and lipid profiles of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes individuals: a pilot study. J Am Coll.Nutr. 2011;30(5):320-332. View abstract.

Matsumoto, R. L., Mendonca, S., de Oliveira, D. M., Souza, M. F., and Bastos, D. H. Effects of mate tea intake on ex vivo LDL peroxidation induced by three different pathways. Nutrients. 2009;1(1):18-29. View abstract.

De, Stefani E., Correa, P., Oreggia, F., Deneo-Pellegrini, H., Fernandez, G., Zavala, D., Carzoglio, J., Leiva, J., Fontham, E., and Rivero, S. Black tobacco, wine and mate in oropharyngeal cancer. A case-control study from Uruguay. Rev.Epidemiol.Sante Publique 1988;36(6):389-394. View abstract.

Vassallo, A., Correa, P., De, Stefani E., Cendan, M., Zavala, D., Chen, V., Carzoglio, J., and Deneo-Pellegrini, H. Esophageal cancer in Uruguay: a case-control study. J Natl.Cancer Inst. 1985;75(6):1005-1009. View abstract.

Gugliucci, A. and Stahl, A. J. Low density lipoprotein oxidation is inhibited by extracts of Ilex paraguariensis. Biochem.Mol.Biol.Int. 1995;35(1):47-56. View abstract.

Gugliucci, A. Antioxidant effects of Ilex paraguariensis: induction of decreased oxidability of human LDL in vivo. Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 7-16-1996;224(2):338-344. View abstract.

Muccillo Baisch, A. L., Johnston, K. B., and Paganini Stein, F. L. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxing activity of aqueous extracts of Ilex paraguariensis on mesenteric arterial bed of rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 1998;60(2):133-139. View abstract.

Meyer, K. and Ball, P. Psychological and Cardiovascular Effects of Guarana and Yerba Mate: A Comparison with Coffee. Revista Interamericana de Psicologia 2004;38(1):87-94.

Caldeira D, Martins C, Alves LB, Pereira H, Ferreira JJ, Costa J. Caffeine does not increase the risk of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Heart. 2013;99(19):1383-9. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-303950. Review. View abstract.

Cheng M, Hu Z, Lu X, Huang J, Gu D. Caffeine intake and atrial fibrillation incidence: dose response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Can J Cardiol. 2014 Apr;30(4):448-54. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.12.026. Epub 2014 2. Review. View abstract.

Jiwani AZ, Rhee DJ, Brauner SC, Gardiner MF, Chen TC, Shen LQ, Chen SH, Grosskreutz CL, Chang KK, Kloek CE, Greenstein SH, Borboli-Gerogiannis S, Pasquale DL, Chaudhry S, Loomis S, Wiggs JL, Pasquale LR, Turalba AV. Effects of caffeinated coffee consumption on intraocular pressure, ocular perfusion pressure, and ocular pulse amplitude: a randomized controlled trial. Eye (Lond). 2012;26(8):1122-30. doi: 10.1038/eye.2012.113. Epub 2012 Jun 8. View abstract.

Tejani FH, Thompson RC, Kristy R, Bukofzer S. Effect of caffeine on SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging during regadenoson pharmacologic stress: a prospective, randomized, multicenter study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014 Jun;30(5):979-89. doi: 10.1007/s10554-014-0419-7. Epub 2014 17. View abstract.

van der Hoeven N, Visser I, Schene A, van den Born BJ. Severe hypertension related to caffeinated coffee and tranylcypromine: a case report. Ann Intern Med. 2014 May 6;160(9):657-8. doi: 10.7326/L14-5009-8. No abstract available. View abstract.

Dixit S, Stein PK, Dewland TA, Dukes JW, Vittinghoff E, Heckbert SR, Marcus GM. Consumption of Caffeinated Products and Cardiac Ectopy. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 26;5(1). pii: e002503. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002503. View abstract.

Gambero A and Ribeiro ML. The positive effects of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in obesity. Nutrients. 2015;7(2):730-50. View abstract.

Stefani ED, Moore M, Aune D, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Ronco AL, Boffetta P, et al. Maté consumption and risk of cancer: a multi-site case-control study in Uruguay. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011;12(4):1089-93. View abstract.

Yu S, Yue SW, Liu Z, Zhang T, Xiang N, Fu H. Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) improves microcirculation of volunteers with high blood viscosity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Exp Gerontol. 2015;62:14-22. View abstract.

Kim SY, Oh MR, Kim MG, Chae HJ, Chae SW. Anti-obesity effects of yerba mate (Ilex Paraguariensis): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15:338. View abstract.

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC monographs evaluate drinking coffee, mate, and very hot beverages. https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2016/pdfs/pr244_E.pdf. Accessed November 1, 2017.

Zuchinali P, Riberio PA, Pimentel M, da Rosa PR, Zimerman LI, Rohde LE. Effect of caffeine on ventricular arrhythmia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental and clinical studies. Europace 2016 Feb;18(2):257-66. View abstract.

da veiga DTA, Bringhenti R, Bolignon AA, et al. The yerba mate intake has a neutral effect on bone: a case-control study in postmenopausal women. Phytother Res. 2018 Jan;32(1):58-64. View abstract.

Alkhatib A, Atcheson R. Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) metabolic, satiety, and mood state effects at rest and during prolonged exercise. Nutrients. 2017 Aug 15;9(8). Pii:E882. View abstract.

Jung J-H, Hur Y-I. The effect of mate extract on body weight and fat reduction in obese women: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Korean J OBes. 2016;25:197-206.

Areta JL, Austarheim I, Wangensteen H, Capelli C. Metabolic and performance effects of yerba mate on well-trained cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017 Nov 7. View abstract.

Souza SJ, Petrilli AA, Teixeira AM, et al. Effect of chocolate and mate tea on the lipid profile of individuals with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy: a clinical trial. Nutrition. 2017 Nov-Dec;43-44:61-68. View abstract.

Lagier D, Nee L, Guieu R, et al. Peri-operative oral caffeine does not prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation after heart valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018 Apr 26. [Epub ahead of print] View abstract.

Voskoboinik A, Kalman JM, Kistler PM. Caffeine and arrhythmias: time to grind the data. JACC: Clin Electrophysiol. 2018;4(4):425-32.

Wikoff D, Welsh BT, Henderson R, et al. Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children. Food Chem Toxicol 2017;109:585-648. View abstract.

Chaves G, Britez N, Oviedo G, et al. Heavy drinkers of Ilex paraguariensis beverages show lower lipid profiles but higher body weight. Phytother Res. 2018;32(6):1030-1038. View abstract.

Gómez-Juaristi M, Martínez-López S, Sarria B, Bravo L, Mateos R. Absorption and metabolism of yerba mate phenolic compounds in humans. Food Chem. 2018;240:1028-1038. View abstract.

Rao SS. Current and emerging treatment options for fecal incontinence. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014;48(9):752-64. View abstract.

Cozma-Petrut A, Loghin F, Miere D, Dumitrascu DL.Diet in irritable bowel syndrome: What to recommend, not what to forbid to patients! World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(21):3771-3783. View abstract.

Gebara KS, Gasparotto Junior A, Palozi RAC, et al. A Randomized Crossover Intervention Study on the Effect a Standardized Maté Extract (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) in Men Predisposed to Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2020;13(1):14. View abstract.

Feltrin C, Farias IV, Sandjo LP, Reginatto FH, Simões CMO. Effects of Standardized Medicinal Plant Extracts on Drug Metabolism Mediated by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 Enzymes. Chem Res Toxicol 2020;33(9):2408-2419. View abstract.

Medeiros MS, Schumacher-Schuh AF, Altmann V, Rieder CRM. A Case-Control Study of the Effects of Chimarrão (Ilex paraguariensis) and Coffee on Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2021;12:619535. View abstract.

Pagliosa CM, Vieira FGK, Dias BV, Brognoli Franco VK, Ramos HP, da Silva EL. Ilex paraguariensis (A. St.-Hil.) leaf infusion decreases iron absorption in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis: a randomized controlled crossover study. Food Funct 2021;12(16):7321-7328. View abstract.

Zheng KH, Zhu K, Wactawski-Wende J, et al. Caffeine intake from coffee and tea and invasive breast cancer incidence among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative. Int J Cancer 2021;149(12):2032-2044. View abstract.

Wang S, Li X, Yang Y, et al. Does coffee, tea and caffeine consumption reduce the risk of incident breast cancer? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr 2021;24(18):6377-6389. View abstract.

Alshabi AM, Alkahtani SA, Shaikh IA, Habeeb MS. Caffeine modulates pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of pioglitazone in diabetic rats: Impact on therapeutics. Saudi Med J 2021;42(2):151-160. View abstract.

Gleason JL, Sundaram R, Mitro SD, et al. Association of maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy with child growth. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(10):e2239609. View abstract.

Masson W, Barbagelata L, Lobo M, Nogueira JP, Corral P, Lavalle-Cobo A. Effect of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on Lipid Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2022;77(3):353-366. View abstract.

Lobo PCB, da Silva DD, Pimentel GD. Acute Supplementation of Yerba Mate Extract Did Not Change Muscle Strength in Physically Active Men Following the Strength Muscle Test: A Pilot Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022;14(13):2619. View abstract.