References
Citicoline
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Fioravanti M, Yanagi M. Cytidinediphosphocholine (CDP-choline) for cognitive and behavioural disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;(2):CD000269. View abstract.
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Conant R, Schauss AG. Therapeutic applications of citicoline for stroke and cognitive function in the elderly: A review of the literature. Altern Med Rev 2004;9:17-31. View abstract.
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Barrachina M, Dominguez I, Ambrosio S, et al. Neuroprotective effect of citicoline in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats and in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. J Neurol Sci 2003;215:105-10. View abstract.
12134
Adibhatla RM, Hatcher JF. Citicoline decreases phospholipase A2 stimulation and hydroxyl radical generation in transient cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci Res 2003;73:308-15. View abstract.
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Cohen RA, Browndyke JN, Moser DJ, et al. Long-term citicoline (cytidine diphosphate choline) use in patients with vascular dementia: Neuroimaging and neuropsychological outcomes. Cerebrovasc Dis 2003;16:199-204. View abstract.
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Savci V, Goktalay G, Cansev M, et al. Intravenously injected citicoline increases blood pressure and reverses hypotension in haemorrhagic shock: effect is mediated by central cholinergic activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2003;468:129-39. View abstract.
12137
Dempsey RJ, Raghavendra Rao VL. Cytidinediphosphocholine treatment to decrease traumatic brain injury-induced hippocampal neuronal death, cortical contusion volume, and neurological dysfunction in rats. J Neurosurg 2003;98:867-73. View abstract.
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Sobrado M, Lopez MG, Carceller F, et al. Combined nipodimine and citicoline reduce infarct size, attenuate apoptosis, and increase BCL-2 expression after focal cerebral ischemia. Neuroscience 2003;118:107-13. View abstract.
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Davalos A, Castillo J, Alvarez-Sabin J, et al. Oral citicoline in acute ischemic stroke: An individual patient date pooling analysis of clinical trials. Stroke 2002;33:2850-7. View abstract.
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Rejdak R, Toczolowski J, Krukowski J, et al. Oral citicoline treatment improves visual pathway function in glaucoma. Med Sci Monit 2003;9:PI24-8. View abstract.
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Zweifler RM. Membrane stabilizer: Citicoline. Curr Med Res Opin 2002;18:s14-s17. View abstract.
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Weiss GB. Metabolism and actions of CDP-choline as an endogenous compound and administered exogenously as citicoline. Life Sci 1995;56:637-60. View abstract.
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Teather LA, Wurtman RJ. Dietary cytidine (5)-diphosphocholine supplementation protects against development of memory deficits in aging rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2003;27:711–17. View abstract.
43218
Renshaw, P. F., Daniels, S., Lundahl, L. H., Rogers, V., and Lukas, S. E. Short-term treatment with citicoline (CDP-choline) attenuates some measures of craving in cocaine-dependent subjects: a preliminary report. Psychopharmacology.(Berl.) 1999;142(2):132-138. View abstract.
43219
Parisi, V., Manni, G., Colacino, G., and Bucci, M. G. Cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (citicoline) improves retinal and cortical responses in patients with glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 1999;106(6):1126-1134. View abstract.
43221
Clark, W. M., Williams, B. J., Selzer, K. A., Zweifler, R. M., Sabounjian, L. A., and Gammans, R. E. A randomized efficacy trial of citicoline in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 1999;30(12):2592-2597. View abstract.
43222
Alvarez, X. A., Mouzo, R., Pichel, V., Perez, P., Laredo, M., Fernandez-Novoa, L., Corzo, L., Zas, R., Alcaraz, M., Secades, J. J., Lozano, R., and Cacabelos, R. Double-blind placebo-controlled study with citicoline in APOE genotyped Alzheimer's disease patients. Effects on cognitive performance, brain bioelectrical activity and cerebral perfusion. Methods.Find.Exp.Clin.Pharmacol. 1999;21(9):633-644. View abstract.
43223
Xiong, Y., Liu, X., Wang, Y., and Du, Y. Cloning of cytidine triphosphate: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase mRNA upregulated by a neuropeptide arginine-vasopressin((4-8)) in rat hippocampus. Neurosci.Lett. 4-7-2000;283(2):129-132. View abstract.
43225
Warach, S., Pettigrew, L. C., Dashe, J. F., Pullicino, P., Lefkowitz, D. M., Sabounjian, L., Harnett, K., Schwiderski, U., and Gammans, R. Effect of citicoline on ischemic lesions as measured by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Citicoline 010 Investigators. Ann.Neurol. 2000;48(5):713-722. View abstract.
43227
Virno, M., Pecori-Giraldi, J., Liguori, A., and De, Gregorio F. The protective effect of citicoline on the progression of the perimetric defects in glaucomatous patients (perimetric study with a 10-year follow-up). Acta Ophthalmol.Scand.Suppl 2000;(232):56-57. View abstract.
43228
Marcantonio, E. R., Flacker, J. M., Wright, R. J., and Resnick, N. M. Reducing delirium after hip fracture: a randomized trial. J Am.Geriatr Soc 2001;49(5):516-522. View abstract.
43229
Fridman, E. A., Ottaviano, F., Fiol, M., Javelier, A., Perea, J. E., and Ameriso, S. F. [Neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke. Practicability of guidelines for treatment]. Rev.Neurol. 5-1-2001;32(9):818-821. View abstract.
43230
Lukas, S. E., Kouri, E. M., Rhee, C., Madrid, A., and Renshaw, P. F. Effects of short-term citicoline treatment on acute cocaine intoxication and cardiovascular effects. Psychopharmacology.(Berl.) 2001;157(2):163-167. View abstract.
43231
Clark, W. M., Wechsler, L. R., Sabounjian, L. A., and Schwiderski, U. E. A phase III randomized efficacy trial of 2000 mg citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients. Neurology. 11-13-2001;57(9):1595-1602. View abstract.
43232
Diaz, V., Rodriguez, J., Barrientos, P., Serra, M., Salinas, H., Toledo, C., Kunze, S., Varas, V., Santelices, E., Cabrera, C., Farias, J., Gallardo, J., Beddings, M. I., Leiva, A., and Cumsille, M. A. [Use of procholinergics in the prevention of postoperative delirium in hip fracture surgery in the elderly. A randomized controlled trial]. Rev.Neurol. 10-16-2001;33(8):716-719. View abstract.
43234
Babb, S. M., Wald, L. L., Cohen, B. M., Villafuerte, R. A., Gruber, S. A., Yurgelun-Todd, D. A., and Renshaw, P. F. Chronic citicoline increases phosphodiesters in the brains of healthy older subjects: an in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Psychopharmacology.(Berl.) 2002;161(3):248-254. View abstract.
43235
Aizawa, K., Kanai, T., Saikawa, Y., Takabayashi, T., Kawano, Y., Miyazawa, N., and Yamamoto, T. A novel approach to the prevention of postoperative delirium in the elderly after gastrointestinal surgery. Surg.Today. 2002;32(4):310-314. View abstract.
43236
Bettini, R. and Gorini, M. [Reaction times during citicoline treatment]. Clin.Ter. 2002;153(4):247-250. View abstract.
43238
Fioravanti, M. and Yanagi, M. Cytidinediphosphocholine (CDP choline) for cognitive and behavioural disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly. Cochrane Database.Syst.Rev. 2004;(2):CD000269. View abstract.
43240
Piccoli, F., Battistini, N., Carbonin, P., Curro, Dossi B., Fiori, L., La, Bella, V, Megna, G., Salvioli, G., and Fioravanti, M. CDP-choline in the treatment of chronic cerebrovasculopathies. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1994;18(3):161-168. View abstract.
43241
Kalisvaart, K. J., de Jonghe, J. F., Bogaards, M. J., Vreeswijk, R., Egberts, T. C., Burger, B. J., Eikelenboom, P., and van Gool, W. A. Haloperidol prophylaxis for elderly hip-surgery patients at risk for delirium: a randomized placebo-controlled study. J Am.Geriatr Soc 2005;53(10):1658-1666. View abstract.
43244
Secades, J. J., Alvarez-Sabin, J., Rubio, F., Lozano, R., Davalos, A., and Castillo, J. Citicoline in intracerebral haemorrhage: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-centre pilot study. Cerebrovasc.Dis. 2006;21(5-6):380-385. View abstract.
43246
Secades, J. J. and Lorenzo, J. L. Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2006 update. Methods.Find.Exp.Clin.Pharmacol. 2006;28 Suppl B:1-56. View abstract.
43247
Siddiqi, N., Stockdale, R., Britton, A. M., and Holmes, J. Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised patients. Cochrane Database.Syst.Rev. 2007;(2):CD005563. View abstract.
43248
Brown, E. S., Gorman, A. R., and Hynan, L. S. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of citicoline add-on therapy in outpatients with bipolar disorder and cocaine dependence. J Clin.Psychopharmacol. 2007;27(5):498-502. View abstract.
43250
Parisi, V., Coppola, G., Ziccardi, L., Gallinaro, G., and Falsini, B. Cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (Citicoline): a pilot study in patients with non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy. Eur.J Neurol. 2008;15(5):465-474. View abstract.
43251
Di, Trapani G. and Fioravanti, M. [Citicoline in the treatment of cognitive and behavioral disorders in pathologic senile decline]. Clin.Ter. 6-30-1991;137(6):403-413. View abstract.
43252
Iranmanesh, F. and Vakilian, A. Efficiency of citicoline in increasing muscular strength of patients with nontraumatic cerebral hemorrhage: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Stroke.Cerebrovasc.Dis. 2008;17(3):153-155. View abstract.
43253
Marti Masso, J. F. and Urtasun, M. Citicoline in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clin.Ther 1991;13(2):239-242. View abstract.
43256
Parisi, V., Coppola, G., Centofanti, M., Oddone, F., Angrisani, A. M., Ziccardi, L., Ricci, B., Quaranta, L., and Manni, G. Evidence of the neuroprotective role of citicoline in glaucoma patients. Prog.Brain.Res 2008;173:541-554. View abstract.
43257
Petkov, V. D., Stancheva, S. L., Tocuschieva, L., and Petkov, V. V. Changes in brain biogenic monoamines induced by the nootropic drugs adafenoxate and meclofenoxate and by citicholine (experiments on rats). Gen.Pharmacol. 1990;21(1):71-75. View abstract.
43258
Serra, F., Diaspri, G. P., Gasbarrini, A., Giancane, S., Rimondi, A., Tame, M. R., Sakellaridis, E., Bernardi, M., and Gasbarrini, G. [Effect of CDP-choline on senile mental deterioration. Multicenter experience on 237 cases]. Minerva Med. 1990;81(6):465-470. View abstract.
43259
Eberhardt, R., Birbamer, G., Gerstenbrand, F., Rainer, E., and Traegner, H. Citicoline in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clin.Ther 1990;12(6):489-495. View abstract.
43260
Yashima, K., Takamatsu, M., and Okuda, K. Intestinal absorption of cytidine diphosphate choline and its changes in the digestive tract. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol.(Tokyo) 1975;21(1):49-60. View abstract.
43261
Pecori, Giraldi J., Virno, M., Covelli, G., Grechi, G., and De, Gregorio F. Therapeutic value of citicoline in the treatment of glaucoma (computerized and automated perimetric investigation). Int Ophthalmol. 1989;13(1-2):109-112. View abstract.
43262
Cubells, J. M. and Hernando, C. Clinical trial on the use of cytidine diphosphate choline in Parkinson's disease. Clin.Ther 1988;10(6):664-671. View abstract.
43263
Sinforiani, E., Trucco, M., Pacchetti, C., and Gualtieri, S. [Evaluation of the effects of citicoline in chronic cerebrovascular diseases]. Minerva Med 1-14-1986;77(1-2):51-57. View abstract.
43264
Berggren, D., Gustafson, Y., Eriksson, B., Bucht, G., Hansson, L. I., Reiz, S., and Winblad, B. Postoperative confusion after anesthesia in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures. Anesth.Analg. 1987;66(6):497-504. View abstract.
43265
Centrone, G., Ragno, G., and Calicchio, G. [Use of citicoline in high dosages in acute cerebrovascular disease]. Minerva Med 3-17-1986;77(11):371-373. View abstract.
43266
Bonavita, E. [Neuropsychological study of the senile brain during and after single and combined treatment with deanol and citicoline]. Clin.Ter. 6-15-1986;117(5):387-398. View abstract.
43270
Dinsdale, J. R., Griffiths, G. K., Rowlands, C., Castello, J., Ortiz, J. A., Maddock, J., and Aylward, M. Pharmacokinetics of 14C CDP-choline. Arzneimittelforschung. 1983;33(7A):1066-1070. View abstract.
43273
Dinsdale, J. R., Griffiths, G. K., Castello, J., Maddock, J., Ortiz, J. A., and Aylward, M. CDP-choline: repeated oral dose tolerance studies in adult healthy volunteers. Arzneimittelforschung. 1983;33(7A):1061-1065. View abstract.
43274
Arranz, J. and Ganoza, C. Treatment of chronic dyskinesia with CDP-choline. Arzneimittelforschung. 1983;33(7A):1071-1073. View abstract.
43275
Lozano, Fernandez R. Efficacy and safety of oral CDP-choline. Drug surveillance study in 2817 cases. Arzneimittelforschung. 1983;33(7A):1073-1080. View abstract.
43276
Trovarelli, G., de Medio, G. E., Dorman, R. V., Piccinin, G. L., Horrocks, L. A., and Porcellati, G. Effect of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline) on ischemia-induced alterations of brain lipid in the gerbil. Neurochem.Res 1981;6(8):821-833. View abstract.
43277
Stramba-Badiale, M. and Scillieri, E. [Citicoline activity in senile mental decay]. Minerva Med 4-7-1983;74(14-15):819-821. View abstract.
43280
D'Orlando, K. J. and Sandage, B. W., Jr. Citicoline (CDP-choline): mechanisms of action and effects in ischemic brain injury. Neurol.Res 1995;17(4):281-284. View abstract.
43281
Campos, E. C., Schiavi, C., Benedetti, P., Bolzani, R., and Porciatti, V. Effect of citicoline on visual acuity in amblyopia: preliminary results. Graefes.Arch Clin.Exp.Ophthalmol. 1995;233(5):307-312. View abstract.
43282
Tanaka, Y., Minematsu, K., Hirano, T., Hayashida, K., and Yamaguchi, T. [Effects of CDP-choline on dynamic changes in LCBF and cognitive function in demented subjects--an H2 15O-PET study]. Rinsho.Shinkeigaku. 1994;34(9):877-881. View abstract.
43283
Rossi, M. and Zanardi, M. [An open study on the clinical efficacy of citicoline in patients with chronic cerebral vasculopathy]. Clin.Ter. 1993;142(2):141-144. View abstract.
43284
Alvarez, X. A., Laredo, M., Corzo, D., Fernandez-Novoa, L., Mouzo, R., Perea, J. E., Daniele, D., and Cacabelos, R. Citicoline improves memory performance in elderly subjects. Methods.Find.Exp.Clin.Pharmacol. 1997;19(3):201-210. View abstract.
43285
Clark, W. M., Warach, S. J., Pettigrew, L. C., Gammans, R. E., and Sabounjian, L. A. A randomized dose-response trial of citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients. Citicoline Stroke Study Group. Neurology. 1997;49(3):671-678. View abstract.
43286
Salvadorini F. Clinical evaluation of CDP-choline (Nicholin): Efficacy as antidepressant treatment. Therapeutic Research 1975;18(3):513-520.
43287
León-Carrión J, Dominguez-Roldán JM, Murillo-Cabezas F, Dominguez-Morales MR, and Munoz-Sanchez MA. The role of citicholine in neuropsychological training after traumatic brain injury. NeuroRehabilitation 2000;14(1):33-40.
43288
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43289
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43290
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43297
Ataus S, Onal M, Zulkuf M, and et al. The effects of citicholine and lamotrigine alone and in combination following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. International Journal of Neuroscience 2004;114(2):183-196.
43298
Adibhatla, R. M., Hatcher JF, and Dempsey RJ. Effects of citicholine on phospholipid and glutathione levels in transient cerebral ischemia. Stroke 2001;32(10):2376-2381.
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43314
Agnoli A, Fioravanti M, and Lechner H. Efficacy of CDP-Choline in chronic cerebral vascular diseases (CCVD). In: Zappia V, Kennedy EP, Nilsson BI, and Galletti PV. Novel Biochemical, Pharmacological, and Clinical Aspects of Cytidinediphosphocholine. New York: Elsevier Science;1985.
43315
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43316
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43317
Bonavita E, Chioma V, Dall'Oca P, and et al. Double-blind study on CDP-choline activity in primitive mild cognitive deterioration cases [Studio in doppio cieco sull'azione della citicolina nel cervello senile]. Minerva Psichiatrica 1983;24:53-62.
43318
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43319
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43320
Senin U and Fioravanti M. Clinical controlled study vs placebo of CDPcholine in a large group of aged patients with cerebrovascular dementia. Wyeth, Italy 2003;
43321
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43322
Liptzin B, Laki A, Garb, and et al. Donepezil in the Prevention and Treatment of Post-Surgical Delirium. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2005;13:1100-1106.
98227
El Sayed I, Zaki A, Fayed AM, Shehata GM, Abdelmonem S. A meta-analysis of the effect of different neuroprotective drugs in management of patients with traumatic brain injury. Neurosurg Rev 2018;41(2):427-38. View abstract.
98228
Secades JJ, Alvarez-Sabín J, Castillo J, et al. Citicoline for acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and formal meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trials. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016;25(8):1984-96. View abstract.
98229
Parisi V, Centofanti M, Ziccardi L, et al. Treatment with citicoline eye drops enhances retinal function and neural conduction along the visual pathways in open angle glaucoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015;253(8):1327-40. View abstract.
98230
Brown ES, Todd JP, Hu LT, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of citicoline for cocaine dependence in bipolar I disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2015;172(10):1014-21. View abstract.
98442
Pawar PV, Mumbare SS, Patil MS, Ramakrishnan S. Effectiveness of the addition of citicoline to patching in the treatment of amblyopia around visual maturity: a randomized controlled trial. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014;62(2):124-9. View abstract.
98443
Cotroneo AM, Castagna A, Putignano S, et al. Effectiveness and safety of citicoline in mild vascular cognitive impairment: the IDEALE study. Clin Interv Aging 2013;8:131-7. View abstract.
98444
Dávalos A, Alvarez-Sabín J, Castillo J, et al. Citicoline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled study (ICTUS trial). Lancet 2012;380(9839):349-57. View abstract.
98445
Licata SC, Penetar DM, Ravichandran C, et al. Effects of daily treatment with citicoline: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in cocaine-dependent volunteers. J Addict Med 2011;5(1):57-64. View abstract.
98446
Roohi-Azizi M, Arabzadeh S, Amidfar M, et al. Citicoline combination therapy for major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Neuropharmacol 2017;40(1):1-5. View abstract.
98447
Shi PY, Zhou XC, Yin XX, Xu LL, Zhang XM, Bai HY. Early application of citicoline in the treatment of acute stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 2016;36(2):270-7. View abstract.
98448
Ottobelli L, Manni GL, Centofanti M, et al. Citicoline oral solution in glaucoma: is there a role in slowing disease progression? Ophthalmologica 2013;229(4):219-26. View abstract.
98846
Clark BC, Georgekutty J, Berul CI. Myocardial ischemia secondary to synthetic cannabinoid (K2) use in pediatric patients. J Pediatr 2015;167(3):757-61.e1. View abstract.
100987
Aidelbaum R, Labelle A, Baddeley A, Knott V. Assessing the acute effects of CDP-choline on sensory gating in schizophrenia: a pilot study. J Psychopharmacol. 2018;32(5):541-51. View abstract.
100988
Ghajar A, Gholamian F, Tabatabei-Motlagh M, et al. Citicoline (CDP-choline) add-on therapy to risperidone for treatment of negative symptoms in patients with stable schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2018;33(4):e2662. View abstract.
100989
Trimmel H, Majdan M, Wodak A, Herzer G, Csomor D, Brazinova A. Citicoline in severe traumatic brain injury: indications for improved outcome: a retrospective matched pair analysis from 14 Austrian trauma centers. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2018;130(1-2):37-44. View abstract.
104786
Marino PF, Rossi GCM, Campagna G, et al. Effects of citicoline, homotaurine, and vitamin E on contrast sensitivity and visual-related quality of life in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma: A preliminary study. Molecules. 2020 Nov 29;25(23):5614. View abstract.
104824
Cinar E, Yuce B, Aslan F, Erbakan G. Neuroprotective effect of citicoline eye drops on corneal sensitivity after LASIK. J Refract Surg. 2019 Dec 1;35(12):764-770. View abstract.
104825
Parravano M, Scarinci F, Parisi V, et al. Citicoline and vitamin B12 eye drops in type 1 diabetes: Results of a 3-year pilot study evaluating morpho-functional retinal changes. Adv Ther. 2020 Apr;37(4):1646-1663. View abstract.
104826
Fogagnolo P, Melardi E, Tranchina L, Rossetti L. Topical citicoline and vitamin B12 versus placebo in the treatment of diabetes-related corneal nerve damage: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. BMC Ophthalmol. 2020 Aug 1;20(1):315. View abstract.
104827
Rossetti L, Iester M, Tranchina L, et al. Can treatment with citicoline eyedrops reduce progression in glaucoma? The results of a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Glaucoma. 2020 Jul;29(7):513-520. View abstract.
104828
Martí-Carvajal AJ, Valli C, Martí-Amarista CE, et al. Citicoline for treating people with acute ischemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Aug 29;8:CD013066. View abstract.
105729
Salamah A, Mehrez M, Faheem A, El Amrousy D. Efficacy of Citicoline as a Neuroprotector in children with post cardiac arrest: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Pediatr. 2021 Apr;180(4):1249-1255. View abstract.
105730
Castagna A, Manzo C, Fabbo A, Lacava R, Ruberto C, Ruotolo G. The CITIMERIVA Study: CITIcoline plus MEmantina plus RIVAstigmine in Older Patients Affected with Alzheimer's Disease. Clin Drug Investig. 2021 Feb;41(2):177-182. View abstract.
109015
Jeong H, Yoon S, Sung YH, et al. Effects of cytidine-5'-diphosphate choline on gray matter volumes in methamphetamine-dependent patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Psychiatr Res 2021;143:215-221. View abstract.
109016
Nakazaki E, Mah E, Sanoshy K, Citrolo D, Watanabe F. Citicoline and Memory Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Nutr 2021;151(8):2153-2160. View abstract.
109017
Loebis R, Zulkarnain BS, Siswanto FA. Effectiveness of citicoline in pediatric patients with refractive amblyopia in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021;32(4):657-661. View abstract.