The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.

Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.

Keynan N, Tamir R, Waisel Y, et al. Allergenicity of the pollen of Pistacia. Allergy 1997;52:323-30. View abstract.

Iauk L, Ragusa S, Rapisarda A, et al. In vitro antimicrobial activity of Pistacia lentiscus L. extracts: preliminary report. J Chemother 1996;8:207-9. View abstract.

Al-Said MS, Ageel AM, Parmar NS, Tariq M. Evaluation of mastic, a crude drug obtained from Pistacia lentiscus for gastric and duodenal anti-ulcer activity. J Ethnopharmacol 1986;15:271-8. View abstract.

Sterer, N., Nuas, S., Mizrahi, B., Goldenberg, C., Weiss, E. I., Domb, A., and Davidi, M. P. Oral malodor reduction by a palatal mucoadhesive tablet containing herbal formulation. J Dent. 2008;36(7):535-539. View abstract.

Ali-Shtayeh, M. S. and Abu Ghdeib, S. I. Antifungal activity of plant extracts against dermatophytes. Mycoses 1999;42(11-12):665-672. View abstract.

Takahashi, K., Fukazawa, M., Motohira, H., Ochiai, K., Nishikawa, H., and Miyata, T. A pilot study on antiplaque effects of mastic chewing gum in the oral cavity. J Periodontol. 2003;74(4):501-505. View abstract.

Koutsoudaki, C., Krsek, M., and Rodger, A. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil and the gum of Pistacia lentiscus Var. chia. J Agric.Food Chem 10-5-2005;53(20):7681-7685. View abstract.

Aksoy, A., Duran, N., and Koksal, F. In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial effects of mastic chewing gum against Streptococcus mutans and mutans streptococci. Arch Oral Biol 12-15-2005; View abstract.

Balan, K. V., Prince, J., Han, Z., Dimas, K., Cladaras, M., Wyche, J. H., Sitaras, N. M., and Pantazis, P. Antiproliferative activity and induction of apoptosis in human colon cancer cells treated in vitro with constituents of a product derived from Pistacia lentiscus L. var. chia. Phytomedicine. 2007;14(4):263-272. View abstract.

Sterer, N. Antimicrobial effect of mastic gum methanolic extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Med Food 2006;9(2):290-292. View abstract.

Loutrari, H., Magkouta, S., Pyriochou, A., Koika, V., Kolisis, F. N., Papapetropoulos, A., and Roussos, C. Mastic oil from Pistacia lentiscus var. chia inhibits growth and survival of human K562 leukemia cells and attenuates angiogenesis. Nutr Cancer 2006;55(1):86-93. View abstract.

Paraschos, S., Magiatis, P., Mitakou, S., Petraki, K., Kalliaropoulos, A., Maragkoudakis, P., Mentis, A., Sgouras, D., and Skaltsounis, A. L. In vitro and in vivo activities of Chios mastic gum extracts and constituents against Helicobacter pylori. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 2007;51(2):551-559. View abstract.

Triantafyllou, A., Chaviaras, N., Sergentanis, T. N., Protopapa, E., and Tsaknis, J. Chios mastic gum modulates serum biochemical parameters in a human population. J Ethnopharmacol. 4-20-2007;111(1):43-49. View abstract.

Kaliora, A. C., Stathopoulou, M. G., Triantafillidis, J. K., Dedoussis, G. V., and Andrikopoulos, N. K. Chios mastic treatment of patients with active Crohn's disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2-7-2007;13(5):748-753. View abstract.

He, M. L., Chen, W. W., Zhang, P. J., Jiang, A. L., Fan, W., Yuan, H. Q., Liu, W. W., and Zhang, J. Y. Gum mastic increases maspin expression in prostate cancer cells. Acta Pharmacol.Sin. 2007;28(4):567-572. View abstract.

Barra, A., Coroneo, V., Dessi, S., Cabras, P., and Angioni, A. Characterization of the volatile constituents in the essential oil of Pistacia lentiscus L. from different origins and its antifungal and antioxidant activity. J Agric.Food Chem 8-22-2007;55(17):7093-7098. View abstract.

Kaliora, A. C., Stathopoulou, M. G., Triantafillidis, J. K., Dedoussis, G. V., and Andrikopoulos, N. K. Alterations in the function of circulating mononuclear cells derived from patients with Crohn's disease treated with mastic. World J Gastroenterol. 12-7-2007;13(45):6031-6036. View abstract.

Kottakis, F., Kouzi-Koliakou, K., Pendas, S., Kountouras, J., and Choli-Papadopoulou, T. Effects of mastic gum Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia on innate cellular immune effectors. Eur.J Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 2009;21(2):143-149. View abstract.

Dimas, K., Hatziantoniou, S., Wyche, J. H., and Pantazis, P. A mastic gum extract induces suppression of growth of human colorectal tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice. In Vivo 2009;23(1):63-68. View abstract.

Zhou, L., Satoh, K., Takahashi, K., Watanabe, S., Nakamura, W., Maki, J., Hatano, H., Takekawa, F., Shimada, C., and Sakagami, H. Re-evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of mastic using activated macrophages. In Vivo 2009;23(4):583-589. View abstract.

Magkouta, S., Stathopoulos, G. T., Psallidas, I., Papapetropoulos, A., Kolisis, F. N., Roussos, C., and Loutrari, H. Protective effects of mastic oil from Pistacia lentiscus variation chia against experimental growth of lewis lung carcinoma. Nutr Cancer 2009;61(5):640-648. View abstract.

Dabos, K. J., Sfika, E., Vlatta, L. J., and Giannikopoulos, G. The effect of mastic gum on Helicobacter pylori: a randomized pilot study. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(3-4):296-299. View abstract.

Moulos, P., Papadodima, O., Chatziioannou, A., Loutrari, H., Roussos, C., and Kolisis, F. N. A transcriptomic computational analysis of mastic oil-treated Lewis lung carcinomas reveals molecular mechanisms targeting tumor cell growth and survival. BMC.Med Genomics 2009;2:68. View abstract.

Huang, X. Y., Wang, H. C., Yuan, Z., Li, A., He, M. L., Ai, K. X., Zheng, Q., and Qin, H. L. Gemcitabine combined with gum mastic causes potent growth inhibition and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Acta Pharmacol.Sin. 2010;31(6):741-745. View abstract.

Qiao, J., Li, A., Jin, X., and Wang, J. Mastic Alleviates Allergic Inflammation in Asthmatic Model Mice by Inhibiting Recruitment of Eosinophils. Am J Respir.Cell Mol Biol 9-20-2010; View abstract.

Mahmoudi, M., Ebrahimzadeh, M. A., Nabavi, S. F., Hafezi, S., Nabavi, S. M., and Eslami, Sh. Antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities of gum mastic. Eur.Rev.Med Pharmacol.Sci 2010;14(9):765-769. View abstract.

Gioxari, A., Kaliora, A. C., Papalois, A., Agrogiannis, G., Triantafillidis, J. K., and Andrikopoulos, N. K. Pistacia lentiscus Resin Regulates Intestinal Damage and Inflammation in Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis. J Med Food 5-25-2011; View abstract.

Triantafyllou, A., Bikineyeva, A., Dikalova, A., Nazarewicz, R., Lerakis, S., and Dikalov, S. Anti-inflammatory activity of Chios mastic gum is associated with inhibition of TNF-alpha induced oxidative stress. Nutr J 2011;10:64. View abstract.

Huwez, F. U. and Al Habbal, M. J. Mastic in treatment of benign gastric ulcers. Gastroenterol.Jpn. 1986;21(3):273-274. View abstract.

Al Habbal, M. J., Al Habbal, Z., and Huwez, F. U. A double-blind controlled clinical trial of mastic and placebo in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Clin Exp Pharmacol.Physiol 1984;11(5):541-544. View abstract.

Huwez, F. U., Thirlwell, D., Cockayne, A., and Ala'Aldeen, D. A. Mastic gum kills Helicobacter pylori. N.Engl.J Med 12-24-1998;339(26):1946. View abstract.

Watanabe, H., Hagiwara, S., Fukuda, M., Yuichi, I., Tamura, N., Suzuki, M., and Kawasaki, D. Double blind randomized control test for the usefulness of mastic compound dentifrice against periodontitis under using sonic toothbrush 2010. Yakuri to chiryo 2010;38(10):915-925.

Papada E, Forbes A, Amerikanou C, et al. Antioxidative efficacy of a Pistacia lentiscus supplement and its effect on the plasma amino acid profile in inflammatory bowel disease: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients. 2018;10(11). pii: E1779. View abstract.

Papada E, Gioxari A, Amerikanou C, et al. Regulation of faecal biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with oral mastiha (Pistacia lentiscus) supplement: A double-blind and placebo-controlled randomised trial. Phytother Res. 2019;33(2):360-369. View abstract.

Papada E, Gioxari A, Brieudes V, et al. Bioavailability of terpenes and postprandial effect on human antioxidant potential. An open-label study in healthy subjects. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018;62(3). View abstract.

Hazan Z, Adamsky K, Lucassen A, Levin LA. A first-in-human phase 1 randomized single and multiple ascending dose study of RPh201 in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2020;9(3):366-74. View abstract.

Granger C, Starace M, Alessandrini A, et al. Efficacy and acceptability of a new water-soluble nail strengthener containing Pistacia lentiscus and hyaluronic acid to improve the appearance of brittle nails versus untreated nails: in vitro and clinical evidence. Skin Appendage Disord. 2020;6(2):108-14. View abstract.

Piraccini BM, Granger C, Alessandrini A, et al. Clinical and instrumental objective evidence of the efficacy of a new water-based nail-strengthening solution containing Pistacia lentiscus and hyaluronic acid applied for up to 6 months to improve the appearance of weak, brittle nails. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2020;10(1):119-31. View abstract.

Moraschini V, Kischinhevsky ICC, Calasans-Maia MD, et al. Ineffectiveness of ozone therapy in nonsurgical periodontal treatment: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized clinical trials. Clin Oral Investig 2020;24(6):1877-1888. View abstract.

Ostovan M, Fazljou SMB, Khazraei H, Araj Khodaei M, Torbati M. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Pistacia Lentiscus in a Rat Model of Colitis. J Inflamm Res 2020;13:369-376. View abstract.

Amerikanou C, Kanoni S, Kaliora AC, et al. Effect of Mastiha supplementation on NAFLD: The MAST4HEALTH Randomised, Controlled Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021;65(10):e2001178. View abstract.

Boutemine IM, Amri M, Dorgham K, et al. Beneficial role of Pistacia lentiscus aqueous extract in experimental colitis: anti-inflammatory and potential therapeutic effects. Inflammopharmacology 2021;29(4):1225-1239. View abstract.

Pepe AE, Lelovas P, Pachi VK, et al. Chios mastic gum consumption has a protective effect on ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021;26(2):166-76. View abstract.

Kishimoto R, Kato N, Koike M, Iwashita N, Takagi Y, Fukuyama T. Topical treatment with mastic (resin from Pistacia lentiscus) elicits anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic responses by modulating keratinocyte activation in a mouse model of allergic dermatitis. Phytomedicine 2021;91:153679. View abstract.

Gioxari A, Amerikanou C, Valsamidou E, et al. Chios mastiha essential oil exhibits antihypertensive, hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effects in metabolically unhealthy adults - a randomized controlled trial. Pharmacol Res 2023;194:106821. View abstract.

Kartalis A, Afendoulis D, Didagelos M, et al. Effects of Chios Mastiha essential oil on cholesterol levels of healthy volunteers: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. (MASTIHA-OIL). Hellenic J Cardiol 2023. View abstract.

Tsironi K, Mylonopoulou IM, Pandis N, Vassilopoulos S, Sifakakis I, Papaioannou W. The effect of mastic mouthwash on halitosis and oral hygiene in orthodontic patients: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Orthod 2023. View abstract.

Cui H, Li X, An XR, Liu W, Yuan T. Masticadienonic acid from Chios mastic gum mitigates colitis in mice via modulating inflammatory response, gut barrier integrity and microbiota. Phytomedicine 2023;108:154518. View abstract.