Monographs on the medicinal uses of plant drugs. Exeter, UK: European Scientific Co-op Phytother, 1997.

The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.

Golik A, Zaidenstein R, Dishi V, et al. Effects of captopril and enalapril on zinc metabolism in hypertensive patients. J Am Coll Nutr 1998;17:75-8. View abstract.

Okamoto M, Mitsunobu F, Ashida K, et al. Effects of perilla seed oil supplementation on leukotriene generation by leucocytes in patients with asthma associated with lipometabolism. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2000;122:137-42. View abstract.

Makino T, Ono T, Muso E, Honda G. Inhibitory effect of Perilla frutescens and its phenolic constituents on cultured murine mesangial cell proliferation. Planta Med 1998;64:541-45. View abstract.

Inouye, S., Uchida, K., and Yamaguchi, H. In-vitro and in-vivo anti-Trichophyton activity of essential oils by vapour contact. Mycoses 2001;44(3-4):99-107. View abstract.

Inouye, S., Yamaguchi, H., and Takizawa, T. Screening of the antibacterial effects of a variety of essential oils on respiratory tract pathogens, using a modified dilution assay method. J Infect.Chemother. 2001;7(4):251-254. View abstract.

Makino, T., Ono, T., Muso, E., Honda, G., and Sasayama, S. Suppressive effects of Perilla frutescens on spontaneous IgA nephropathy in ddY mice. Nephron 1999;83(1):40-46. View abstract.

Nakazawa, T. and Ohsawa, K. Metabolites of orally administered Perilla frutescens extract in rats and humans. Biol.Pharm.Bull. 2000;23(1):122-127. View abstract.

Shin, T. Y., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. H., Kim, Y. K., Park, H. J., Chae, B. S., Jung, H. J., and Kim, H. M. Inhibitory effect of mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions in rats by Perilla frutescens. Immunopharmacol.Immunotoxicol. 2000;22(3):489-500. View abstract.

Makino, T., Ito, M., Kiuchiu, F., Ono, T., Muso, E., and Honda, G. Inhibitory effect of decoction of Perilla frutescens on cultured murine mesangial cell proliferation and quantitative analysis of its active constituents. Planta Med 2001;67(1):24-28. View abstract.

Ueda, H. and Yamazaki, M. Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic actions by oral administration of a perilla leaf extract in mice. Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem 2001;65(7):1673-1675. View abstract.

Yamamoto, H. and Ogawa, T. Antimicrobial activity of perilla seed polyphenols against oral pathogenic bacteria. Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem. 2002;66(4):921-924. View abstract.

Makino, T., Ono, T., Liu, N., Nakamura, T., Muso, E., and Honda, G. Suppressive effects of rosmarinic acid on mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in rats. Nephron 2002;92(4):898-904. View abstract.

Makino, T., Ono, T., Matsuyama, K., Nogaki, F., Miyawaki, S., Honda, G., and Muso, E. Suppressive effects of Perilla frutescens on IgA nephropathy in HIGA mice. Nephrol.Dial.Transplant. 2003;18(3):484-490. View abstract.

Kurowska, E. M., Dresser, G. K., Deutsch, L., Vachon, D., and Khalil, W. Bioavailability of omega-3 essential fatty acids from perilla seed oil. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2003;68(3):207-212. View abstract.

Ueda, H., Yamazaki, C., and Yamazaki, M. Inhibitory effect of Perilla leaf extract and luteolin on mouse skin tumor promotion. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003;26(4):560-563. View abstract.

Takano, H., Osakabe, N., Sanbongi, C., Yanagisawa, R., Inoue, K., Yasuda, A., Natsume, M., Baba, S., Ichiishi, E., and Yoshikawa, T. Extract of Perilla frutescens enriched for rosmarinic acid, a polyphenolic phytochemical, inhibits seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in humans. Exp.Biol.Med.(Maywood.) 2004;229(3):247-254. View abstract.

Sanbongi, C., Takano, H., Osakabe, N., Sasa, N., Natsume, M., Yanagisawa, R., Inoue, K. I., Sadakane, K., Ichinose, T., and Yoshikawa, T. Rosmarinic acid in perilla extract inhibits allergic inflammation induced by mite allergen, in a mouse model. Clin Exp Allergy 2004;34(6):971-977. View abstract.

Baba, S., Osakabe, N., Natsume, M., Yasuda, A., Muto, Y., Hiyoshi, K., Takano, H., Yoshikawa, T., and Terao, J. Absorption, metabolism, degradation and urinary excretion of rosmarinic acid after intake of Perilla frutescens extract in humans. Eur J Nutr 2005;44(1):1-9. View abstract.

Kanzaki, T. and Kimura, S. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from Perilla frutescens (shiso). Contact Dermatitis 1992;26(1):55-56. View abstract.

Osakabe, N., Takano, H., Sanbongi, C., Yasuda, A., Yanagisawa, R., Inoue, K., and Yoshikawa, T. Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect of rosmarinic acid (RA); inhibition of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR) and its mechanism. Biofactors 2004;21(1-4):127-131. View abstract.

Kim, H. K. and Choi, H. Stimulation of acyl-CoA oxidase by alpha-linolenic acid-rich perilla oil lowers plasma triacylglycerol level in rats. Life Sci 8-5-2005;77(12):1293-1306. View abstract.

Ko, W. C., Shih, C. M., Leu, I. J., Chen, T. T., and Chang, J. P. Mechanisms of relaxant action of luteolin in isolated guinea pig trachea. Planta Med 2005;71(5):406-411. View abstract.

Hamazaki, K., Itomura, M., Hamazaki, T., and Sawazaki, S. Effects of cooking plant oils on recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Nutrition 2006;22(5):534-538. View abstract.

Narisawa, T., Takahashi, M., Kotanagi, H., Kusaka, H., Yamazaki, Y., Koyama, H., Fukaura, Y., Nishizawa, Y., Kotsugai, M., Isoda, Y., and . Inhibitory effect of dietary perilla oil rich in the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid on colon carcinogenesis in rats. Jpn.J Cancer Res 1991;82(10):1089-1096. View abstract.

Hirose, M., Masuda, A., Ito, N., Kamano, K., and Okuyama, H. Effects of dietary perilla oil, soybean oil and safflower oil on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine (DMH)-induced mammary gland and colon carcinogenesis in female SD rats. Carcinogenesis 1990;11(5):731-735. View abstract.

Gatchalian-Yee, M., Imamura, M., Nonaka, M., Gu, J. Y., and Sugano, M. Effect of dietary fats on cholesterol metabolism and eicosanoid production in hamsters fed undigested fraction of soybean protein. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol.(Tokyo) 1994;40(5):499-504. View abstract.

Imaoka, K., Inouye, S., Takahashi, T., and Kojima, Y. [Effects of Perilla frutescens extract on anti-DNP IgE antibody production in mice]. Arerugi 1993;42(1):74-80. View abstract.

Ueda, H. and Yamazaki, M. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by orally administering a perilla leaf extract. Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem 1997;61(8):1292-1295. View abstract.

Gu, J. Y., Wakizono, Y., Dohi, A., Nonaka, M., Sugano, M., and Yamada, K. Effect of dietary fats and sesamin on the lipid metabolism and immune function of Sprague-Dawley rats. Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem. 1998;62(10):1917-1924. View abstract.

Ihara, M., Umekawa, H., Takahashi, T., and Furuichi, Y. Comparative effects of short- and long-term feeding of safflower oil and perilla oil on lipid metabolism in rats. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol.Biol 1998;121(2):223-231. View abstract.

Buchwald-Werner S, Fujii H, Reule C, Schoen C. Perilla extract improves gastrointestinal discomfort in a randomized placebo controlled double blind human pilot study. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014;14:173. View abstract.

Yu H, Qiu JF, Ma LJ, Hu YJ, Li P, Wan JB. Phytochemical and phytopharmacological review of Perilla frutescens L. (Labiatae), a traditional edible-medicinal herb in China. Food Chem Toxicol 2017;108(Pt B):375-91. View abstract.

Benegut Spreadsheet. RFI Ingredients. Available at: https://rfiingredients.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Benegut_07122016.pdf. Accessed: November 18, 2018.

Francois CA, Connor SL, Wander RC, Connor WE. Acute effects of dietary fatty acids on the fatty acids of human milk. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67(2):301-8. View abstract.

Thomas SS, Kim M, Lee SJ, Cha YS. Antiobesity effects of purple perilla (Perilla frutescens var. acuta) on adipocyte differentiation and mice fed a high-fat diet. J Food Sci. 2018;83(9):2384-2393. View abstract.

Uemura T, Yashiro T, Oda R, et al. Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of perillaldehyde. J Agric Food Chem. 2018;66(13):3443-3448. View abstract.

Zhang X, Yang Q. Association between serum copper levels and lung cancer risk: A meta-analysis. J Int Med Res. 2018;46(12):4863-4873. View abstract.

Wang F, Zhu H, Hu M, et al. Perilla oil supplementation improves hypertriglyceridemia and gut dysbiosis in diabetic KKAy mice. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018;62(24):e1800299. View abstract.

Hashimoto M, Matsuzaki K, Kato S, Hossain S, Ohno M, Shido O. Twelve-month studies on Perilla oil intake in Japanese adults-possible supplement for mental health. Foods. 2020 Apr 22;9(4):530. View abstract.

Zhong Y, Zheng Q, Hu P, et al. Sedative and hypnotic effects of Perilla frutescens essential oil through GABAergic system pathway. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Nov 24:113627. View abstract.

Jeong K, Lee SY, Jeon SA, et al. Clinical and immunological characterization of perilla seed allergy in children. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2021. View abstract.

Hashimoto M, Matsuzaki K, Hossain S, et al. Perilla Seed Oil Enhances Cognitive Function and Mental Health in Healthy Elderly Japanese Individuals by Enhancing the Biological Antioxidant Potential. Foods 2021;10(5):1130. View abstract.

Koonyosying P, Kusirisin W, Kusirisin P, et al. Perilla Fruit Oil-Fortified Soybean Milk Intake Alters Levels of Serum Triglycerides and Antioxidant Status, and Influences Phagocytotic Activity among Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022;14(9):1721. View abstract.

Kawamura A, Nemoto K, Sugita M. Effect of 8-week intake of the n-3 fatty acid-rich perilla oil on the gut function and as a fuel source for female athletes: a randomised trial. Br J Nutr 2022. View abstract.

Hashimoto M, Matsuzaki K, Maruyama K, et al. Perilla seed oil in combination with nobiletin-rich ponkan powder enhances cognitive function in healthy elderly Japanese individuals: a possible supplement for brain health in the elderly. Food Funct 2022;13(5):2768-2781. View abstract.

Matsuzaki K, Hossain S, Wakatsuki H, et al. Perilla seed oil improves bone health by inhibiting bone resorption in healthy Japanese adults: A 12-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res 2023;37(6):2230-2241. View abstract.