References
Usnea
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Dobrescu D, Tanasescu M, Mezdrea A, et al. Contributions to the complex study of some lichens-Usnea genus. Pharmacological studies on Usnea barbata and Usnea hirta species. Rom J Physiol 1993;30:101-7. View abstract.
4024
Lauterwein M, Oethinger M, Belsner K, et al. In vitro activities of the lichen secondary metabolites vulpinic acid, (+)-usnic acid, and (-)-usnic acid against aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39:2541-3. View abstract.
7091
Favreau JT, Ryu Ml, Braunstein G, et al. Severe hepatotoxicity associated with the dietary supplement LipoKinetix. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:590-5.
11720
Ingolfsdottir K. Usnic acid. Phytochemistry 2002;61:729-36. View abstract.
81573
Scirpa, P., Scambia, G., Masciullo, V., Battaglia, F., Foti, E., Lopez, R., Villa, P., Malecore, M., and Mancuso, S. [A zinc sulfate and usnic acid preparation used as post-surgical adjuvant therapy in genital lesions by Human Papillomavirus]. Minerva Ginecol. 1999;51(6):255-260. View abstract.
81574
Garcia, Rowe J., Garcia, Gimenez, and Saenz Rodriguez, M. T. Some lichen products have antimicrobial activity. Z Naturforsch.[C.] 1999;54(7-8):605-609. View abstract.
81580
Mitchell, J. C. Allergy to lichens. Allergic contact dermatitis from usnic acid produced by lichenized fungi. Arch Dermatol 1965;92(2):142-146. View abstract.
81582
Campanella, L., Delfini, M., Ercole, P., Iacoangeli, A., and Risuleo, G. Molecular characterization and action of usnic acid: a drug that inhibits proliferation of mouse polyomavirus in vitro and whose main target is RNA transcription. Biochimie 2002;84(4):329-334. View abstract.
81588
Piorkowski, G. [Usnic acid as an oral antivirotic.]. Ther.Ggw. 1957;96(8):286-287. View abstract.
81590
Johnson, R. B., Feldott, G., and Lardy, H. A. The mode of action of the antibiotic, usnic acid. Arch Biochem. 1950;28(3):317-323. View abstract.
81591
Hassal, C. H. The antibacterial activity of usnic acid and related compounds. Experientia 12-15-1950;6(12):462-464. View abstract.
81593
Pramyothin, P., Janthasoot, W., Pongnimitprasert, N., Phrukudom, S., and Ruangrungsi, N. Hepatotoxic effect of (+)usnic acid from Usnea siamensis Wainio in rats, isolated rat hepatocytes and isolated rat liver mitochondria. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;90(2-3):381-387. View abstract.
81594
Han, D., Matsumaru, K., Rettori, D., and Kaplowitz, N. Usnic acid-induced necrosis of cultured mouse hepatocytes: inhibition of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Biochem.Pharmacol. 2-1-2004;67(3):439-451. View abstract.
81595
Durazo, F. A., Lassman, C., Han, S. H., Saab, S., Lee, N. P., Kawano, M., Saggi, B., Gordon, S., Farmer, D. G., Yersiz, H., Goldstein, R. L., Ghobrial, M., and Busuttil, R. W. Fulminant liver failure due to usnic acid for weight loss. Am.J Gastroenterol. 2004;99(5):950-952. View abstract.
81596
Yilmaz, M., Turk, A. O., Tay, T., and Kivanc, M. The antimicrobial activity of extracts of the lichen Cladonia foliacea and its (-)-usnic acid, atranorin, and fumarprotocetraric acid constituents. Z.Naturforsch.[C.] 2004;59(3-4):249-254. View abstract.
81597
Bezivin, C., Tomasi, S., Rouaud, I., Delcros, J. G., and Boustie, J. Cytotoxic activity of compounds from the lichen: Cladonia convoluta. Planta Med 2004;70(9):874-877. View abstract.
81599
Ribeiro-Costa, R. M., Alves, A. J., Santos, N. P., Nascimento, S. C., Goncalves, E. C., Silva, N. H., Honda, N. K., and Santos-Magalhaes, N. S. In vitro and in vivo properties of usnic acid encapsulated into PLGA-microspheres. J Microencapsul. 2004;21(4):371-384. View abstract.
81600
Neff, G. W., Reddy, K. R., Durazo, F. A., Meyer, D., Marrero, R., and Kaplowitz, N. Severe hepatotoxicity associated with the use of weight loss diet supplements containing ma huang or usnic acid. J Hepatol. 2004;41(6):1062-1064. View abstract.
81601
Odabasoglu, F., Aslan, A., Cakir, A., Suleyman, H., Karagoz, Y., Halici, M., and Bayir, Y. Comparison of antioxidant activity and phenolic content of three lichen species. Phytother Res 2004;18(11):938-941. View abstract.
81602
De Carvalho, E. A., Andrade, P. P., Silva, N. H., Pereira, E. C., and Figueiredo, R. C. Effect of usnic acid from the lichen Cladonia substellata on Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro: an ultrastructural study. Micron. 2005;36(2):155-161. View abstract.
81605
Kristmundsdottir, T., Jonsdottir, E., Ogmundsdottir, H. M., and Ingolfsdottir, K. Solubilization of poorly soluble lichen metabolites for biological testing on cell lines. Eur J Pharm Sci 2005;24(5):539-543. View abstract.
81607
Hsu, L. M., Huang, Y. S., Chang, F. Y., and Lee, S. D. 'Fat burner' herb, usnic Acid, induced acute hepatitis in a family. J Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 2005;20(7):1138-1139. View abstract.
81611
Mayer, M., O'Neill, M. A., Murray, K. E., Santos-Magalhaes, N. S., Carneiro-Leao, A. M., Thompson, A. M., and Appleyard, V. C. Usnic acid: a non-genotoxic compound with anti-cancer properties. Anticancer Drugs 2005;16(8):805-809. View abstract.
81612
Arneborn, P., Jansson, A., and Bottiger, Y. [Acute hepatitis in a woman after intake of slimming pills bought via Internet]. Lakartidningen 7-11-2005;102(28-29):2071-2072. View abstract.
81613
Choudhary, M. I., Azizuddin, Jalil, S., and Atta, ur Rahman. Bioactive phenolic compounds from a medicinal lichen, Usnea longissima. Phytochemistry 2005;66(19):2346-2350. View abstract.
81614
Behera, B. C., Verma, N., Sonone, A., and Makhija, U. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of lichen Usnea ghattensis in vitro. Biotechnol Lett 2005;27(14):991-995. View abstract.
81615
Odabasoglu, F., Cakir, A., Suleyman, H., Aslan, A., Bayir, Y., Halici, M., and Kazaz, C. Gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of usnic acid on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1-3-2006;103(1):59-65. View abstract.
81616
Halici, M., Odabasoglu, F., Suleyman, H., Cakir, A., Aslan, A., and Bayir, Y. Effects of water extract of Usnea longissima on antioxidant enzyme activity and mucosal damage caused by indomethacin in rats. Phytomedicine 2005;12(9):656-662. View abstract.
81618
Saenz, M. T., Garcia, M. D., and Rowe, J. G. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical studies of some lichens from south of Spain. Fitoterapia 2006;77(3):156-159. View abstract.
81619
Sanchez, W., Maple, J. T., Burgart, L. J., and Kamath, P. S. Severe hepatotoxicity associated with use of a dietary supplement containing usnic acid. Mayo Clin Proc 2006;81(4):541-544. View abstract.
81620
Wang, X. P., Liu, H. J., Zhen, L., Zhou, Z. T., Li, M. Y., and Zhang, W. D. [Plasmid elimination effect of usnic acid on antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus]. Zhong.Yao Cai. 2006;29(1):36-39. View abstract.
81623
Ghione, M., Parrello, D., and Grasso, L. Usnic acid revisited, its activity on oral flora. Chemioterapia. 1988;7(5):302-305. View abstract.
81625
Shibamoto, T. and Wei, C. I. Mutagenicity of lichen constituents. Environ Mutagen. 1984;6(5):757-762. View abstract.
81626
Yamamoto, Y., MIURA, Y., Kinoshita, Y., Higuchi, M., Yamada, Y., Murakami, A., Ohigashi, H., and Koshimizu, K. Screening of tissue cultures and thalli of lichens and some of their active constituents for inhibition of tumor promoter-induced Epstein-Barr virus activation. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1995;43(8):1388-1390. View abstract.
81627
Wu, J., Zhang, M., Ding, D., Tan, T., and Yan, B. [Effect of Cladonia alpestris on Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro]. Zhongguo Ji.Sheng Chong.Xue.Yu Ji.Sheng Chong.Bing.Za Zhi. 1995;13(2):126-129. View abstract.
81629
Periera, E. C., Nascimento, S. C., Lima, R. C., Silva, N. H., Oliveira, A. F., Bandeira, E., Boitard, M., Beriel, H., Vicente, C., and Legaz, M. E. Analysis of Usnea fasciata crude extracts with antineoplastic activity. Tokai J Exp.Clin.Med 1994;19(1-2):47-52. View abstract.
81630
Okuyama, E., Umeyama, K., Yamazaki, M., Kinoshita, Y., and Yamamoto, Y. Usnic acid and diffractaic acid as analgesic and antipyretic components of Usnea diffracta. Planta Med 1995;61(2):113-115. View abstract.
81632
Rafanelli, S., Bacchilega, R., Stanganelli, I., and Rafanelli, A. Contact dermatitis from usnic acid in vaginal ovules. Contact Dermatitis 1995;33(4):271-272. View abstract.
81633
Fournet, A., Ferreira, M. E., Rojas, de Arias, Torres, de Ortiz, Inchausti, A., Yaluff, G., Quilhot, W., Fernandez, E., and Hidalgo, M. E. Activity of compounds isolated from Chilean lichens against experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Comp Biochem Physiol C.Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1997;116(1):51-54. View abstract.
99159
Guo L, Shi Q, Fang JL, et al. Review of usnic acid and Usnea barbata toxicity. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2008;26(4):317-38. View abstract.
108404
Kwong SP, Huang Z, Ji L, Wang C. PORIMIN: The key to (+)-Usnic acid-induced liver toxicity and oncotic cell death in normal human L02 liver cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2021;270:113873. View abstract.
108405
Lee S, Lee Y, Ha S, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of usnic acid in an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2020;1730:146642. View abstract.